Postural control and sensory information integration abilities of boys with two subtypes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder： a case-control study

• Published in: Chinese medical journal 2014-12, Vol.127 (24), p.4197-4203
• Main Authors: Ren, Yuanchun, Yu, Lishen, Yang, Li, Cheng, Jia, Feng, Lei, Wang, Yufeng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - physiopathology; Case-Control Studies; Child; Humans; Male; Postural Balance - physiology; 亚型; 信息整合; 儿童多动症; 姿势; 控制功能; 缺陷; 能力; 静平衡性能
• ISSN: 0366-6999; 2542-5641
• DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20141559

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is one of the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric disorder in childhood. ADHD children with overlapping symptoms and signs of motor problems have more serious prognosis than that of children with ADHD only. However, the motor and sensory processing problems in children with ADHD have not been studied well. Few people adopt the technique of computerized dynamic posturography （CDP） in the study of ADHD, which is applied widely in clinical and laboratory research to objectively evaluate human＇s balance performance. This study aimed to assess the characteristics of postural control and sensory information processing of boys with two subtypes of ADHD by using CDP, so as to provide the proof for non-drug therapy of ADHD. Method From June 2003 to September 2004, a total of 73 boys （7-15 years of age） with ADHD and 73 normal developing boys matched by age and intelligence quotient from Peking University Institute of Mental Health were recruited in the study. The Sensory Organization Test was adopted to test the static balance performance under six sensory input conditions by SMART EquiTest 8.0 （NeuroCom） instrument. The sensory information from three sensory systems were available under condition 1, the visual inputs were removed or distorted under condition 2 or 3, the somatosensory inputs were in conflict with or without the visual inputs removed under condition 4 or 5, and both the visual and somatosensory inputs were in conflict under condition 6. The indexes of equilibrium score, somatosensory, vestibular, and visual ratios, and strategy scores were analyzed to indicate the subjects＇ postural control ability. Results ADHD boys had significantly lower composite equilibrium score （CES） than the normal group （P 〈0.05）. Under condition 1 and conditions 3-6, the equilibrium scores （ES） of the ADHD group were significantly lower （all P 〈0.05） than those of the control. Significantly lower visual and vestibular ratios and strategy scores under conditions 4-6 were found in boys with ADHD compared with the control group （P 〈0.05）. Boys of ADHD-predominantly inattentive （ADHD-I） type had a significantly lower CES and ES under conditions 4-6 than the controls （all P 〈0.05） while the ESs of ADHD-combined type （ADHD-C） boys under each condition were similar with that of boys with ADHD-I and no significant difference was found between boys with ADHD-C and the control group （all P 〉0.05）. Compared with the control g