Synthesis of multi-polarised upside conical frustum array antenna for 5G mm-Wave base station at 28/38 GHz

• Published in: IET microwaves, antennas & propagation antennas & propagation, 2018-07, Vol.12 (9), p.1559-1569
• Main Authors: Mahmoud, Korany R, Montaser, Ahmed M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 32‐element array antenna; 5G mm‐Wave base station; 5G mobile communication; antenna array performance; antenna design parameters; antenna gain; antenna radiation patterns; conical antennas; coverage efficiency; directive antennas; dual‐band circularly polarised antenna element design; electromagnetic wave polarisation; frequency 28 GHz; frequency 38 GHz; future fifth generation mobile communication networks; hybrid gravitational search algorithm; microwave antenna arrays; millimetre wave antenna arrays; mobile antennas; multibeam pattern synthesis; multifrequency antennas; multipolarised millimetre‐wave base station; multipolarised upside conical frustum array antenna synthesis; octagonal prism configuration; OPC; particle swarm optimisation; polarisation control; radiation efficiency; reflection coefficient; Research Article; search problems; UCFC; upside conical frustum configuration
• ISSN: 1751-8725; 1751-8733; 1751-8733
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-map.2017.1138

In this study, a multi-polarised millimetre-wave (mm-Wave) base station operating at 28/38 GHz is introduced for future fifth generation (5G) mobile communication networks. The proposed station employs 32-element array antenna distributed in upside conical frustum configuration (UCFC) to synthesise multi-beam patterns adopting directivity and polarisation control. First, the design of dual-band circularly polarised antenna element at 28/38 GHz is discussed. The measured results show that the designed antenna element has a reflection coefficient less than −23 dB with a realised antenna gain of 8 dBi, on average, in the assigned frequency bands. Based on the designed antenna element, the antenna array performance is studied in terms of gain, radiation efficiency, reflection coefficient, and coverage efficiency. The results are compared with those obtained from 32-element structured in an octagonal prism configuration (OPC). For antenna design parameters and multi-beam pattern synthesis, a modified version of hybrid gravitational search algorithm and particle swarm optimisation is proposed. It is found that, the introduced UCFC outperformed the OPC by 19.8%. Moreover, distributing the antenna array in UCFC improved the convergence by 21.7% compared to OPC.