Blood flow restriction during self-paced aerobic intervals reduces mechanical and cardiovascular demands without modifying neuromuscular fatigue

This study examined cardiovascular, perceptual and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics during and after cycling intervals with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). Fourteen endurance cyclists/triathletes completed four 4-minute self-paced aerobic cycling intervals at the highest sustainable i...

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Published in:European journal of sport science 2023-05, Vol.23 (5), p.755-765
Main Authors: Smith, Nathan D. W., Girard, Olivier, Scott, Brendan R., Peiffer, Jeremiah J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
central fatigue
Electromyography
endurance cyclists
high-intensity interval training
Humans
Muscle Fatigue - physiology
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Oxygen
peripheral fatigue
Regional Blood Flow - physiology
Vascular occlusion
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container_title European journal of sport science
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creator Smith, Nathan D. W.
Girard, Olivier
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Peiffer, Jeremiah J.
description This study examined cardiovascular, perceptual and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics during and after cycling intervals with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). Fourteen endurance cyclists/triathletes completed four 4-minute self-paced aerobic cycling intervals at the highest sustainable intensity, with and without intermittent BFR (60% of arterial occlusion pressure). Rest interval durations were six, four and four minutes, respectively. Power output, cardiovascular demands and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were averaged over each interval. Knee extension torque and vastus lateralis electromyography responses following electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve were recorded pre-exercise, post-interval one (+1, 2 and 4-minutes) and post-interval four (+1, 2, 4, 6 and 8-minutes). Power output during BFR intervals was lower than non-BFR (233 ± 54 vs 282 ± 60 W, p 
doi_str_mv 10.1080/17461391.2022.2062056
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W. ; Girard, Olivier ; Scott, Brendan R. ; Peiffer, Jeremiah J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Smith, Nathan D. W. ; Girard, Olivier ; Scott, Brendan R. ; Peiffer, Jeremiah J.</creatorcontrib><description>This study examined cardiovascular, perceptual and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics during and after cycling intervals with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). Fourteen endurance cyclists/triathletes completed four 4-minute self-paced aerobic cycling intervals at the highest sustainable intensity, with and without intermittent BFR (60% of arterial occlusion pressure). Rest interval durations were six, four and four minutes, respectively. Power output, cardiovascular demands and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were averaged over each interval. Knee extension torque and vastus lateralis electromyography responses following electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve were recorded pre-exercise, post-interval one (+1, 2 and 4-minutes) and post-interval four (+1, 2, 4, 6 and 8-minutes). Power output during BFR intervals was lower than non-BFR (233 ± 54 vs 282 ± 60 W, p &lt; 0.001). Oxygen uptake and heart rate during BFR intervals were lower compared to non-BFR (38.7 ± 4.5 vs 44.7 ± 6.44 mL   kg −1  min −1 , p &lt; 0.001; 160 ± 14 vs 166 ± 10 bpm, p &lt; 0.001), while RPE was not different between conditions. Compared to pre-exercise, maximal voluntary contraction torque and peak twitch torque were reduced after the first interval with further reductions following the fourth interval (p &lt; 0.001) independent of condition (p = 0.992). Voluntary activation (twitch interpolation) did not change between timepoints (p = 0.375). Overall, intermittent BFR reduced the mechanical and cardiovascular demands of self-paced intervals without modifying RPE or knee-extensor neuromuscular characteristics. Therefore, BFR reduced the cardiovascular demands while maintaining the muscular demands associated with self-paced intervals. Self-paced BFR intervals could be used to prevent cardiovascular and perceptual demands being the limiting factor of exercise intensity, thus allowing greater physiological muscular demands compared to intervals without BFR. Highlights The use of blood flow restriction (BFR) during self-paced intervals (at the highest perceived sustainable intensity) causes a reduction in power output, pulmonary oxygen uptake and heart rate compared with non-restricted self-paced intervals. Despite lower mechanical and physiological demands during BFR cycling, the magnitude and aetiology of neuromuscular fatigue were not different to intervals without BFR, indicating the internal muscular load during BFR was elevated and potentially equivalent compared to without BFR. Self-paced intervals could be a suitable model to prescribe aerobic BFR exercise as an adjunct training stimulus for endurance cyclists.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1746-1391</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1536-7290</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2062056</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35400303</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Routledge</publisher><subject>central fatigue ; Electromyography ; endurance cyclists ; high-intensity interval training ; Humans ; Muscle Fatigue - physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Oxygen ; peripheral fatigue ; Regional Blood Flow - physiology ; Vascular occlusion</subject><ispartof>European journal of sport science, 2023-05, Vol.23 (5), p.755-765</ispartof><rights>2022 European College of Sport Science 2022</rights><rights>European College of Sport Science</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4210-bc49bc6c127b1b1fd8f0f4d98857094d8915128794d85bbec589a2d9d1f16d1e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4210-bc49bc6c127b1b1fd8f0f4d98857094d8915128794d85bbec589a2d9d1f16d1e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4797-182X ; 0000-0002-2484-4019 ; 0000-0002-3331-1177 ; 0000-0003-2359-5388</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35400303$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Smith, Nathan D. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Girard, Olivier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scott, Brendan R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peiffer, Jeremiah J.</creatorcontrib><title>Blood flow restriction during self-paced aerobic intervals reduces mechanical and cardiovascular demands without modifying neuromuscular fatigue</title><title>European journal of sport science</title><addtitle>Eur J Sport Sci</addtitle><description>This study examined cardiovascular, perceptual and neuromuscular fatigue characteristics during and after cycling intervals with and without blood flow restriction (BFR). Fourteen endurance cyclists/triathletes completed four 4-minute self-paced aerobic cycling intervals at the highest sustainable intensity, with and without intermittent BFR (60% of arterial occlusion pressure). Rest interval durations were six, four and four minutes, respectively. Power output, cardiovascular demands and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were averaged over each interval. Knee extension torque and vastus lateralis electromyography responses following electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve were recorded pre-exercise, post-interval one (+1, 2 and 4-minutes) and post-interval four (+1, 2, 4, 6 and 8-minutes). Power output during BFR intervals was lower than non-BFR (233 ± 54 vs 282 ± 60 W, p &lt; 0.001). Oxygen uptake and heart rate during BFR intervals were lower compared to non-BFR (38.7 ± 4.5 vs 44.7 ± 6.44 mL   kg −1  min −1 , p &lt; 0.001; 160 ± 14 vs 166 ± 10 bpm, p &lt; 0.001), while RPE was not different between conditions. Compared to pre-exercise, maximal voluntary contraction torque and peak twitch torque were reduced after the first interval with further reductions following the fourth interval (p &lt; 0.001) independent of condition (p = 0.992). Voluntary activation (twitch interpolation) did not change between timepoints (p = 0.375). 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Despite lower mechanical and physiological demands during BFR cycling, the magnitude and aetiology of neuromuscular fatigue were not different to intervals without BFR, indicating the internal muscular load during BFR was elevated and potentially equivalent compared to without BFR. 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W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Girard, Olivier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scott, Brendan R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peiffer, Jeremiah J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European journal of sport science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Smith, Nathan D. 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Rest interval durations were six, four and four minutes, respectively. Power output, cardiovascular demands and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were averaged over each interval. Knee extension torque and vastus lateralis electromyography responses following electrical stimulation of the femoral nerve were recorded pre-exercise, post-interval one (+1, 2 and 4-minutes) and post-interval four (+1, 2, 4, 6 and 8-minutes). Power output during BFR intervals was lower than non-BFR (233 ± 54 vs 282 ± 60 W, p &lt; 0.001). Oxygen uptake and heart rate during BFR intervals were lower compared to non-BFR (38.7 ± 4.5 vs 44.7 ± 6.44 mL   kg −1  min −1 , p &lt; 0.001; 160 ± 14 vs 166 ± 10 bpm, p &lt; 0.001), while RPE was not different between conditions. Compared to pre-exercise, maximal voluntary contraction torque and peak twitch torque were reduced after the first interval with further reductions following the fourth interval (p &lt; 0.001) independent of condition (p = 0.992). Voluntary activation (twitch interpolation) did not change between timepoints (p = 0.375). Overall, intermittent BFR reduced the mechanical and cardiovascular demands of self-paced intervals without modifying RPE or knee-extensor neuromuscular characteristics. Therefore, BFR reduced the cardiovascular demands while maintaining the muscular demands associated with self-paced intervals. Self-paced BFR intervals could be used to prevent cardiovascular and perceptual demands being the limiting factor of exercise intensity, thus allowing greater physiological muscular demands compared to intervals without BFR. Highlights The use of blood flow restriction (BFR) during self-paced intervals (at the highest perceived sustainable intensity) causes a reduction in power output, pulmonary oxygen uptake and heart rate compared with non-restricted self-paced intervals. Despite lower mechanical and physiological demands during BFR cycling, the magnitude and aetiology of neuromuscular fatigue were not different to intervals without BFR, indicating the internal muscular load during BFR was elevated and potentially equivalent compared to without BFR. Self-paced intervals could be a suitable model to prescribe aerobic BFR exercise as an adjunct training stimulus for endurance cyclists.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Routledge</pub><pmid>35400303</pmid><doi>10.1080/17461391.2022.2062056</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-182X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2484-4019</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3331-1177</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2359-5388</orcidid></addata></record>
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source SPORTDiscus
subjects central fatigue
Electromyography
endurance cyclists
high-intensity interval training
Humans
Muscle Fatigue - physiology
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Oxygen
peripheral fatigue
Regional Blood Flow - physiology
Vascular occlusion
title Blood flow restriction during self-paced aerobic intervals reduces mechanical and cardiovascular demands without modifying neuromuscular fatigue
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