Loading…
Abuse is not a zero-sum game! The case for zero tolerance of match official physical and verbal abuse
Emergent research has investigated the impact of abuse on the decision of match officials to leave their sport. The existing literature is largely descriptive and qualitative. Based on large surveys of football referees in France and the Netherlands, this paper investigates the factors that are asso...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Default Article |
| Published: |
2021
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/2134/13607777.v1 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823266616453890048 |
|---|---|
| author | Peter Dawson Tom Webb Paul Downward |
| author_facet | Peter Dawson Tom Webb Paul Downward |
| author_sort | Peter Dawson (736912) |
| collection | Figshare |
| description | Emergent research has investigated the impact of abuse on the decision of match officials to leave their sport. The existing literature is largely descriptive and qualitative. Based on large surveys of football referees in France and the Netherlands, this paper investigates the factors that are associated with the verbal and physical abuse of the referees and also the association of this abuse with the intentions of referees to quit officiating. The associations are investigated by estimating the marginal effects from bivariate probit and probit models respectively. Bivariate probit estimation reveals a strong correlation between each form of abuse. Both, unsurprisingly, are also positively associated with years of experience of referees. Probit estimation reveals that both forms of abuse as well as intimidation from refereeing certain teams are associated with an increased consideration of referees to quit. As increased intention to quit is also associated with the experience of the referee it is likely that the effect of abuse on referee considerations of quitting increase through time. The main conclusions are that the alternative forms of abuse are not zero-sum and both should be targeted by governing bodies to reduce the decline in number of football referees. The data show that support of referees, for example through mentoring, can offset stated intentions to quit. |
| format | Default Article |
| id | rr-article-13607777 |
| institution | Loughborough University |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| record_format | Figshare |
| spelling | rr-article-136077772021-02-21T00:00:00Z Abuse is not a zero-sum game! The case for zero tolerance of match official physical and verbal abuse Peter Dawson (736912) Tom Webb (8266947) Paul Downward (1256445) intention to quit physical abuse verbal abuse Match officials Emergent research has investigated the impact of abuse on the decision of match officials to leave their sport. The existing literature is largely descriptive and qualitative. Based on large surveys of football referees in France and the Netherlands, this paper investigates the factors that are associated with the verbal and physical abuse of the referees and also the association of this abuse with the intentions of referees to quit officiating. The associations are investigated by estimating the marginal effects from bivariate probit and probit models respectively. Bivariate probit estimation reveals a strong correlation between each form of abuse. Both, unsurprisingly, are also positively associated with years of experience of referees. Probit estimation reveals that both forms of abuse as well as intimidation from refereeing certain teams are associated with an increased consideration of referees to quit. As increased intention to quit is also associated with the experience of the referee it is likely that the effect of abuse on referee considerations of quitting increase through time. The main conclusions are that the alternative forms of abuse are not zero-sum and both should be targeted by governing bodies to reduce the decline in number of football referees. The data show that support of referees, for example through mentoring, can offset stated intentions to quit. 2021-02-21T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 2134/13607777.v1 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Abuse_is_not_a_zero-sum_game_The_case_for_zero_tolerance_of_match_official_physical_and_verbal_abuse/13607777 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 |
| spellingShingle | intention to quit physical abuse verbal abuse Match officials Peter Dawson Tom Webb Paul Downward Abuse is not a zero-sum game! The case for zero tolerance of match official physical and verbal abuse |
| title | Abuse is not a zero-sum game! The case for zero tolerance of match official physical and verbal abuse |
| title_full | Abuse is not a zero-sum game! The case for zero tolerance of match official physical and verbal abuse |
| title_fullStr | Abuse is not a zero-sum game! The case for zero tolerance of match official physical and verbal abuse |
| title_full_unstemmed | Abuse is not a zero-sum game! The case for zero tolerance of match official physical and verbal abuse |
| title_short | Abuse is not a zero-sum game! The case for zero tolerance of match official physical and verbal abuse |
| title_sort | abuse is not a zero-sum game! the case for zero tolerance of match official physical and verbal abuse |
| topic | intention to quit physical abuse verbal abuse Match officials |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/2134/13607777.v1 |