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Sensitivity of interfacial hydraulics to the microtopographic roughness of water-lain gravels
Flow within the interfacial layer of gravel-bed rivers is poorly understood, but this zone is important because the hydraulics here transport sediment, generate flow structures and interact with benthic organisms. We hypothesized that different gravel-bed microtopographies generate measurable differ...
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| Format: | Default Article |
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2014
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| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/2134/13030 |
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| _version_ | 1818173884892971008 |
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| author | Stephen Rice Thomas Buffin-Belanger Ian Reid |
| author_facet | Stephen Rice Thomas Buffin-Belanger Ian Reid |
| author_sort | Stephen Rice (1255812) |
| collection | Figshare |
| description | Flow within the interfacial layer of gravel-bed rivers is poorly understood, but this zone is important because the hydraulics here transport sediment, generate flow structures and interact with benthic organisms. We hypothesized that different gravel-bed microtopographies generate measurable differences in hydraulic characteristics within the interfacial layer. This was tested using a high density of spatially and vertically distributed, velocity time series measured in the interfacial layers above three surfaces of contrasting microtopography. These surfaces had natural water-worked textures, captured in the field using a casting procedure. Analysis was repeated for three discharges, with Reynolds numbers between 165000 and 287000, to evaluate whether discharge affected the impact of microtopography on interfacial flows. Relative submergence varied over a small range (3.5 to 8.1) characteristic of upland gravel-bed rivers. Between-surface differences in the median and variance of several time-averaged and turbulent flow parameters were tested using non-parametric statistics. Across all discharges, microtopographic differences did not affect spatially averaged (median) values of streamwise velocity, but were associated with significant differences in its spatial variance, and did affect spatially averaged (median) turbulent kinetic energy. Sweep and ejection events dominated the interfacial region above all surfaces at all flows, but there was a microtopographic effect, with Q2 and Q4 events less dominant and structures less persistent above the surface with the widest relief distribution, especially at the highest Reynolds number flow. Results are broadly consistent with earlier work, although this analysis is unique because of the focus on interfacial hydraulics, spatially averaged 'patch scale' metrics and a statistical approach to data analysis. An important implication is that observable differences in microtopography do not necessarily produce differences in interfacial hydraulics. An important observation is that appropriate roughness parameterizations for gravel-bed rivers remain elusive, partly because the relative contributions to flow resistance of different aspects of bed microtopography are poorly constrained. |
| format | Default Article |
| id | rr-article-9481682 |
| institution | Loughborough University |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| record_format | Figshare |
| spelling | rr-article-94816822014-01-01T00:00:00Z Sensitivity of interfacial hydraulics to the microtopographic roughness of water-lain gravels Stephen Rice (1255812) Thomas Buffin-Belanger (7177853) Ian Reid (1256022) Geology not elsewhere classified Other earth sciences not elsewhere classified Interfacial layer Gravel-bed roughness Quadrant analysis Coherent flow structure Near-bed hydraulics Sediment patch Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified Geology Flow within the interfacial layer of gravel-bed rivers is poorly understood, but this zone is important because the hydraulics here transport sediment, generate flow structures and interact with benthic organisms. We hypothesized that different gravel-bed microtopographies generate measurable differences in hydraulic characteristics within the interfacial layer. This was tested using a high density of spatially and vertically distributed, velocity time series measured in the interfacial layers above three surfaces of contrasting microtopography. These surfaces had natural water-worked textures, captured in the field using a casting procedure. Analysis was repeated for three discharges, with Reynolds numbers between 165000 and 287000, to evaluate whether discharge affected the impact of microtopography on interfacial flows. Relative submergence varied over a small range (3.5 to 8.1) characteristic of upland gravel-bed rivers. Between-surface differences in the median and variance of several time-averaged and turbulent flow parameters were tested using non-parametric statistics. Across all discharges, microtopographic differences did not affect spatially averaged (median) values of streamwise velocity, but were associated with significant differences in its spatial variance, and did affect spatially averaged (median) turbulent kinetic energy. Sweep and ejection events dominated the interfacial region above all surfaces at all flows, but there was a microtopographic effect, with Q2 and Q4 events less dominant and structures less persistent above the surface with the widest relief distribution, especially at the highest Reynolds number flow. Results are broadly consistent with earlier work, although this analysis is unique because of the focus on interfacial hydraulics, spatially averaged 'patch scale' metrics and a statistical approach to data analysis. An important implication is that observable differences in microtopography do not necessarily produce differences in interfacial hydraulics. An important observation is that appropriate roughness parameterizations for gravel-bed rivers remain elusive, partly because the relative contributions to flow resistance of different aspects of bed microtopography are poorly constrained. 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z Text Journal contribution 2134/13030 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Sensitivity_of_interfacial_hydraulics_to_the_microtopographic_roughness_of_water-lain_gravels/9481682 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Geology not elsewhere classified Other earth sciences not elsewhere classified Interfacial layer Gravel-bed roughness Quadrant analysis Coherent flow structure Near-bed hydraulics Sediment patch Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified Geology Stephen Rice Thomas Buffin-Belanger Ian Reid Sensitivity of interfacial hydraulics to the microtopographic roughness of water-lain gravels |
| title | Sensitivity of interfacial hydraulics to the microtopographic roughness of water-lain gravels |
| title_full | Sensitivity of interfacial hydraulics to the microtopographic roughness of water-lain gravels |
| title_fullStr | Sensitivity of interfacial hydraulics to the microtopographic roughness of water-lain gravels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sensitivity of interfacial hydraulics to the microtopographic roughness of water-lain gravels |
| title_short | Sensitivity of interfacial hydraulics to the microtopographic roughness of water-lain gravels |
| title_sort | sensitivity of interfacial hydraulics to the microtopographic roughness of water-lain gravels |
| topic | Geology not elsewhere classified Other earth sciences not elsewhere classified Interfacial layer Gravel-bed roughness Quadrant analysis Coherent flow structure Near-bed hydraulics Sediment patch Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified Geology |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/2134/13030 |