Analysis and design of the twisted loop antenna topology for mobile communications by Alistair P. Wingfield

“…Research is performed on a twisted loop antenna topology that possesses an integral balun as part of its structure. Two rudimentary designs are utilised in the research, a simple bifilar structure that can be adapted for GSM, peN, Bluetooth and W-LAN applications, and a quadrifilar helix structure for use in GPS. …”
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On-body near field confining spherical helical antennas by John Brister

“…A revised genetic algorithm was used to select the best combination of the above additional features for the final antenna design. Having successfully reduced the size of the antenna, then the balun also needed to be reduced in size. …”
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