Salivary IgA as a risk factor for upper respiratory infections in elite professional athletes by Vernon Neville, Michael Gleeson, Jonathan Folland

“…These findings have important implications for athletes and coaches in identifying periods of high URI risk.…”
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Influence of a fed or fasted state on the s-IgA response to prolonged cycling in active men and women by Judith E. Allgrove, Louise Geneen, Sarah Latif, Michael Gleeson

“…This study investigated the effect of a fed or fasted state on the salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) response to prolonged cycling. Using a randomized, crossover design, 16 active adults (8 men and 8 women) performed 2 hr of cycling on a stationary ergometer at 65% of maximal oxygen uptake on 1 occasion after an overnight fast (FAST) and on another occasion 2 hr after consuming a 2.2-MJ high-carbohydrate meal (FED). …”
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Respiratory infection risk in athletes: association with antigen-stimulated IL-10 production and salivary IgA secretion by Michael Gleeson, Nicolette Bishop, Marta Oliveira, Tracey McCauley, Pedro Tauler, Ayu S. Muhamad

“…These illness-prone subjects had higher training loads and had ∼2.5-fold higher interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 production by antigen-stimulated whole blood culture than the illness-free subjects. …”
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Effect of acute exercise and hypoxia on markers of systemic and mucosal immunity by Ida Svendsen, Erlend Hem, Michael Gleeson

Subjects: “…Other health sciences not elsewhere classified…”
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Long-haul northeast travel disrupts sleep and induces perceived fatigue in endurance athletes by Christopher J Stevens, Heidi R Thornton, Peter M Fowler, Christopher Esh, Lee Taylor

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Factors influencing infection risk in endurance athletes by Ida S. Svendsen

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Effects of nutritional supplements on the immune function of athletes by Ayu S. Muhamad

Subjects: “…Other health sciences not elsewhere classified…”
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Factors influencing the mucosal immune response to exercise by Judith E. Allgrove

Subjects: “…Other health sciences not elsewhere classified…”
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Experimental investigation of the influence of acute nature exposure on psychological and physiological health by Yvanna Todorova

“…The field of nature and human health investigates the health effects of spending time in nature. …”
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On-field rehabilitation in football: current practice and perceptions: A survey of the English Premier League and Football League by Mark Armitage, Stuart McErlain-Naylor, Gavin Devereux, Marco Beato, John Iga, Allistair McRobert, Simon Roberts, Matt Buckthorpe

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Supplementary information files for On-field rehabilitation in football: current practice and perceptions: A survey of the English Premier League and Football League by Mark Armitage, Stuart McErlain-Naylor, Gavin Devereux, Marco Beato, John Iga, Allistair McRobert, Simon Roberts, Matt Buckthorpe

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The relationship between income-generating activities of women, dietary behaviours and feeding practices of infants and young children in urban Ghana by Jedidah Tetteh

“…Participants were recruited through house-to-house visits using convenience sampling. …”
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Acute and chronic effects of exercise on markers of mucosal immunity by Nicolette Bishop, Michael Gleeson

“…Decreased secretion rate of salivary markers of mucosal immunity, and in particular salivary immunoglobulin A (s- IgA), have been implicated as risk factors for subsequent episodes of respiratory infection in athletes. …”
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Sex differences in immune variables and respiratory infection incidence in an athletic population by Michael Gleeson, Nicolette Bishop, Marta Oliveira, Tracey McCauley, Pedro Tauler

“…Plasma IgA, IgG and IgM concentrations and total blood leukocyte, neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte counts were not different between the sexes but males had higher numbers of B cells (P < 0.05) and NK cells (P < 0.001). …”
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Daily probiotic's (lactobacillus casei shirota) reduction of infection incidence in athletes by Michael Gleeson, Nicolette Bishop, Marta Oliveira, Pedro Tauler

“…The number of URTI episodes was significantly higher (p < .01) in the PLA group (2.1 ± 1.2) than in the PRO group (1.2 ± 1.0). …”
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URI in athletes: are mucosal immunity and cytokine responses key risk factors? by Michael Gleeson, Nicolette Bishop

“…Which aspects of depressed immune function are responsible for this increased infection risk are not known, but our hypothesis is that lower salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion and a higher antiinflammatory cytokine response to antigen exposure are key determinants of infection risk.…”
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The physiological demands of America's Cup yacht racing by Vernon Neville

“…The acute thermoregulatory responses to racing were assessed, and the chronic responses to training in terms of upper respiratory infection (URI), salivary-immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and subjective fatigue documented. The exercise intensity of racing was high, but intermittent, and influenced by how evenly matched the boats were and the role of the athlete. …”
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Effects of a Lactobacillus salivarius probiotic intervention on infection, cold symptom duration and severity, and mucosal immunity in endurance athletes by Michael Gleeson, Nicolette Bishop, Marta Oliveira, Tracey McCauley, Pedro Tauler, C. Lawrence

“…The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a probiotic supplement during 4 mo of spring training in men and women engaged in endurance-based physical activities on incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and mucosal immune markers. Sixty-six highly active individuals were randomized to probiotic (n = 33) or placebo (n = 33) groups and, under double-blind procedures, received probiotic (PRO: Lactobacillus salivarius, 2 × 1010 bacterium colony-forming units) or placebo (PLA) daily for 16 wk. …”
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Exercise-induced B cell mobilisation: Preliminary evidence for an influx of immature cells into the bloodstream by James E. Turner, Guillaume Spielmann, Alex Wadley, Sarah Aldred, Richard J. Simpson, John P. Campbell

“…In study two, seven healthy experienced cyclists (mean ± SD age: 29.9 ± 4.7 years) completed a 30 min cycling trial at a workload corresponding to + 5% of the individual blood lactate threshold. …”
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Training, taper and recovery strategies for effective competition performance in judo by Elena Papacosta

“…Post-exercise carbohydrate-protein consumption and tapering periods during training periodisation have been proposed as effective recovery strategies in several sports; however, limited attention has been given to judo. …”
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