The electrodeposition of tin and lead-tin based alloys by Mohammad A.F. Samel

“…A summary of the conditions for alloy electrodeposition follows a brief introduction which includes the history and the scope of the tin and lead-tin alloy coating industry. The roles of the different variables in the electrodeposition of alloys have been briefly described. …”
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Handwashing - Metal tin by Glenda McMahon, Rod Shaw

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An investigation into zinc diffusion and tin whisker growth for electroplated tin deposits on brass by Mark Ashworth, Geoffrey Wilcox, Rebecca Higginson, Richard Heath, Changqing Liu

“…As a result, studies investigating the effect of process variables on tin whisker formation are often conducted on brass substrates to take advantage of the increased whisker growth rates. …”
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Indium tin oxide nanowires manufactured via printing and laser irradiation by Jack McGhee, Athanasios Goulas, Darren Southee, Jagdeep Sagu, Daniel Engstrom, Jing Wang, David Hutt, Peter Evans, Zhaoxia Zhou, Upul Wijayantha-Kahagala-Gamage, Paul Conway, Claire Carmalt

“…These were then converted into hierarchical nanowire films via laser irradiation (980nm, NIR) with raster speeds of 40 mm s-1 in air, much faster compared to traditional manufacturing processes. …”
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The measurement of porosity in tin coatings on steel by Ian M. Notter

“…Existing methods for porosity testing are not suitable for accurate quantitative measurements on the very thin coatings produced by modern tinplate lines. …”
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Effect of direct current and pulse plating parameters on tin whisker growth from tin electrodeposits on copper and brass substrates by Mark Ashworth, Geoffrey Wilcox, Rebecca Higginson, Richard Heath, Changqing Liu

“…The effect on whisker growth rate of process variables, such as current density and deposit thickness, has been evaluated. …”
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Molybdate-based passivation treatments for tin, tinplate and zinc by G.D. Wilcox

“…The cathodic polarisation characteristics of zinc in group (VIA) oxy-anion solutions has been studied quantitatively. …”
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The preparation and properties of ITO/tin/silicon solar cells by Rachmat Mulyadi

“…The sheet resistances, Ra, changed as the firing temperature varied. Ra values could be decreased by annealing the films in an inert gas or in vacuum conditions. …”
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Developing a dual-layer system for the mitigation of tin whiskers by Dan Haspel

“…There are very few studies that have investigated directly the effect of an oxide film on tin whisker growth, since the cracked oxide theory was proposed by Tu in 1994. …”
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An investigation of tin whisker growth over a 32 year period by Mark Ashworth, B. Dunn

“…Practical implications: Knowledge about vintage whiskers is important in order that we can take steps to increase the resiliency of our space missions. …”
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Lead, indium and tin complexes of Schiff bases derived from salicylaldehydes by Andrew T. Ross

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Fretting corrosion of tin-plated separable connectors used in automotive applications by Graham J. Locker

“…Greater demands are being placed on the separable connector to perform with higher reliability in harsher automotive environments. Corrosion in its various forms is a major mechanism which affects contact reliability and this current work focuses on surface oxidation and the related phenomenon of fretting corrosion, from which hot dipped tin (HDT), a common automotive connector coating, is known to suffer. …”
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An investigation into the effect of dry bake on the solderability degradation of electrodeposited tin finishes by Jing Wang, Guang Chen, Henry Forbes, Katerina Christopoulos, Changqing Liu, Liangquan Sun, Panju Shang

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Photon drag currents and terahertz generation in α-Sn/Ge quantum wells by Binglei Zhang, Yi Luo, Yang Liu, Valerii N. Trukhin, Ilia A. Mustafin, Prokhor A. Alekseev, Bogdan R. Borodin, Ilya A. Eliseev, Fatemah H. Alkallas, Amira Ben-Gouider-Trabelsi, Anna Kusmartseva, Fedor V. Kusmartsev

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The development of tin(IV) oxide-based gas sensor for the detection of siloxane in biogas by Yonglan Shao

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The electrodeposition of tin coatings from deep eutectic solvents and their subsequent whisker growth by Christopher Stuttle

“…Trials concentrated on process optimisation to produce uniform electrodeposits by varying current density, SnCl2.2H2O concentration, and electrolyte composition. …”
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Tin whisker mitigation by means of a post-electroplating electrochemical oxidation treatment by Dan Haspel, Mark Ashworth, Liang Wu, Geoffrey Wilcox, Roger J. Mortimer

“…There are very few studies that have investigated directly the effect of an oxide film on tin whisker growth, since the ‘cracked oxide theory’ was proposed by Tu in 19941. …”
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The effect of different post-electroplating surface modification treatments on tin whisker growth by D. Haspel, Mark Ashworth, Geoffrey Wilcox, Xujin Bao, Roger J. Mortimer

“…There are very few studies that have investigated directly the effect of an oxide film on tin whisker growth, since the ‘cracked oxide theory’ was proposed by Tu in 1994. …”
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A review: microstructure and properties of tin-silver-copper lead-free solder series for the applications of electronics by Muhammad Aamir, Riaz Muhammad, Majid Tolouei-Rad, Khaled Giasin, Vadim Silberschmidt

“…Originality/value This paper summarises the useful findings of the tin-silver-copper series comprehensively. …”
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Structural and electrical characterization of polycrystalline NbO2 thin film vertical devices grown on TiN-coated SiO2/Si substrates by Toyanath Joshi, Pavel Borisov, David Lederman

“…We report on the electrical properties of polycrystalline NbO2 thin film vertical devices grown on TiN coated SiO2/Si substrates using pulsed laser deposition. …”
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The effect of laser beam spiralling on thin-film tin oxide resistors on glass substrates by Machona M.G. Gumbie

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Electodeposition of compositionally modulated tin-cobalt alloy multilayer coatings as plain bearing overlays by Keming Chen

“…It was found that the pH value of the solution was crucial to maintain the desired deposit composition/current density relationship, with pH 3.5-4 being the optimum range. …”
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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) to mitigate tin whisker growth and corrosion issues on printed circuit board assemblies by Terho Kutilainen, Marko Pudas, Mark Ashworth, Tero Lehto, Liang Wu, Geoffrey Wilcox, Jing Wang, Paul Collander, Jussi Hokka

“…The effect of ALD coating process variables on the ability of the coating to mitigate whisker growth were evaluated. …”
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Microstructural and micromechanical characteristics of tin-based solders under self-propagating exothermic reaction heating by Zheng Zhou, Anna Zhang, Xu Guan, Hui Liu, Changqing Liu, Fengshun Wu

“…The results show that the value of nanohardness increased along with the decrease of distance from Al/Ni nanofoil. …”
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Synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles with varying particle sizes and morphologies by hydrothermal method by Dongxin Wang, Xujin Bao, Jingming Zhong, Benshuang Sun

“…Using ammonia solution and tin chloride as the precursors: tin oxide nanoparticles with different particle sizes and morphologies were synthesised by varying the concentration, heating temperature and ripening time via hydrothermal method. …”
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Printed, fully metal oxide, capacitive humidity sensors using conductive indium tin oxide inks by Jack McGhee, Jagdeep Sagu, Darren Southee, Peter S.A Evans, Upul Wijayantha-Kahagala-Gamage

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The electrodeposition and characterisation of compositionally modulated tin-cobalt alloy coatings as lead-free plain bearing material by Yi

“…According to the European Union End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) Directive proposed in 1997, vehicles that registered in'all the member states after 1st July 2003 should contain no lead, mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium. …”
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Aerosol-assisted fabrication of tin-doped indium oxide ceramic thin films from nanoparticle suspensions by Nirmal Peiris, Shaghayegh Ghanizadeh, Subhashi Jayathilake, David Hutt, Upul Wijayantha-Kahagala-Gamage, Paul Conway, Darren Southee, I.P. Parkin, P. Marchand, J.A. Darr, C.J. Carmalt

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Addition of Sn to TiNb alloys to improve mechanical performance and surface properties conducive to enhanced cell activity by Carmen Torres, Jing Wang, Mattia Norrito, Lorenzo Zani, Paul Conway

“…From a metallurgy viewpoint, a range of binary and ternary alloys displaying distinctive Ti phases (i.e. β, α’, α”) were achieved at room temperature. …”
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A study of thick films of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and the feasibility of using ITO for fabricating photovoltaic cells by Hashim B. Saim

“…The experimental results on the working cells have shown a V = 400 mV, and J = 0.5 mA/cm2 , cc Sc and efficiency of 2 ~ 0.2% under a total insulation of = 800 W/m. …”
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A tunable amorphous p-type ternary oxide system: the highly mismatched alloy of copper tin oxide by Patrick Isherwood, K.T. Butler, A. Walsh, Michael Walls

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Green electrochemical ozone production via water splitting: mechanism studies by Gregory Gibson, Wen-Feng Lin

“…The use of electrocatalysts to form ozone-based green energy-saving methods by means of an aqueous solution provides a very attractive alternative to conventional high-energy, cold-corona discharges. …”
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Laser sintering and patterning of gallium-doped zinc oxide/indium-tin oxide nanoparticle films with tailorable electrical and optical properties by Jing Wang, Fabiana Lisco, David Hutt, Lewis Jones, Jake Bowers, Patrick Isherwood, Zhaoxia Zhou, Paul Conway

“…By changing the ITO content, the near-infrared transmittance could be adjusted between 13% and 82% and the optical bandgap energy between 3.93 and 3.33 eV, enabling fine-tuning of the properties. Finally, a fast and material/energy efficient processing route was demonstrated for the fabrication of a GZO-ITO circuit pattern using CO2-laser patterning of a mask and CO2-laser sintering of the NP films.…”
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Characterization of cadmium sulfide buffer layers using electrolyte contacts by Wentao Deng, Laurence M. Peter, Fabiana Lisco, Jake Bowers

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Trends and multi-annual variability of water temperatures in the river Danube, Serbia by Biljana Basarin, Tin Lukic, Dragoslav Pavic, Robert Wilby

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Boosting electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid on SnO₂-decorated Pd nanosheets by Ya-Wei Zhou, Yafeng Chen, Xianxian Qin, Kun Jiang, Wen-Feng Lin, Wen-Bin Cai

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Effects of stress and electromigration on microstructural evolution in microbumps of three-dimensional integrated circuits by Hua Xiong, Zhiheng Huang, Paul Conway

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Combined effects of surface oxidation and interfacial intermetallic compound growth on solderability degradation of electrodeposited tin thin films on copper substrate due to isoth... by Jing Wang, Guang Chen, Fulong Sun, Zhaoxia Zhou, Zhi-Quan Liu, Changqing Liu

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Tailoring the architecture and composition of titanium for bio-engineering applications by Mattia Norrito

“…The biological properties of these replacements were tested using a murine osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 established from mouse calvaria.Addressing the first approach, porous titanium scaffolds were manufactured via powder metallurgy and space holder technique in two different porosities (55% and 70% vol.) to replicate the microstructure of cortical and trabecular bone respectively. …”
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Pigments for the 21st century by Christopher J. Kirk

“…A number of compounds containing tin (H) and niobium (V) have been modified and doped with various constituents to tailor and widen the colour properties of the bright yellow parent phases. …”
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Incorporation of graphene into SnO2 photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells by Munkhbayar Batmunkh, Mahnaz Dadkhah, C.J. Shearer, Mark Biggs, J.G. Shapter

“…© 2016 Elsevier B.V.In dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) photoanodes, tin dioxide (SnO2) structures present a promising alternative semiconducting oxide to the conventional titania (TiO2), but they suffer from poor photovoltaic (PV) efficiency caused by insufficient dye adsorption and low energy value of the conduction band. …”
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Mechanisms of thermoplastics-to-metal adhesion for applications in electronics manufacture by Hrushikesh Abhyankar

“…Of these, from a process economics point of view, PBT would be the most suitable.…”
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Supplementary information files for Boosting electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid on SnO₂-decorated Pd nanosheets by Ya-Wei Zhou, Yafeng Chen, Xianxian Qin, Kun Jiang, Wen-Feng Lin, Wen-Bin Cai

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Transport phenomena in two-phase systems by Aidan Wilkinson

“…The magnetic field measurements suppress a resistivity down-turn at very low temperatures (T…”
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Detailed analysis of spatial–temporal variability of rainfall erosivity and erosivity density in the central and southern Pannonian Basin by Tanja Micić Ponjiger, Tin Lukić, Biljana Basarin, Maja Jokić, Robert Wilby, Dragoslav Pavić, Minučer Mesaroš, Aleksandar Valjarević, Miško M Milanović, Cezar Morar

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The link between transitive reasoning and mathematics achievement in preadolescence: the role of relational processing and deductive reasoning by Terry Tin-Yau Wong, Kinga Morsanyi

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Effect of process parameters on titanium nitride coatings chemically vapour deposited on high-speed cutting tool inserts by Firas M.H. Abbas

“…In collaboration with Edgar Allen Tools, Sheffield, a detailed study has been made of the effect of various process parameters on titanium nitride (TiN) coatings chemically vapour deposited on powder metallurgy (PM) BT42 grade high speed steel (HSS) indexable cutting tool inserts. …”
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