Mechanical properties of 3D printed concrete: a RILEM 304-ADC interlaboratory study – compressive strength and modulus of elasticity by Viktor Mechtcherine, Shravan Muthukrishnan, Annika Robens‑Radermacher, Rob Wolfs, Jelle Versteege, Costantino Menna, Onur Ozturk, Nilufer Ozyurt, Josef Roupec, Christiane Richter, Jörg Jungwirth, Luiza Miranda, Rebecca Ammann, Jean‑François Caron, Victor de Bono, Renate Monte, Iván Navarrete, Claudia Eugenin, Hélène Lombois‑Burger, Bilal Baz, Maris Sinka, Alise Sapata, Ilhame Harbouz, Yamei Zhang, Zijian Jia, Jacques Kruger, Jean‑Pierre Mostert, Mateja Štefančič, Chalermwut Snguanyat, Arun Arunothayan, Zengfeng Zhao, Inka Mai, Inken Jette Rasehorn, David Böhler, Niklas Freund, Dirk Lowke, Tobias Neef, Markus Taubert, Daniel Auer, C. Maximilian Hechtl, Maximilian Dahlenburg, Laura Esposito, Richard Buswell, John Temitope Kolawole, Muhammad Nura Isa, Xingzi Liu, Zhendi Wang, Kolluru Subramaniam, Freek Bos

Subjects: “…Young's modulus…”
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An atomic finite element model for biodegradable polymers. Part 2. A model for change in Young’s modulus due to polymer chain scission by Andy Gleadall, Jingzhe Pan, Marc-Anton Kruft

Subjects: “…Young’s modulus…”
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Stress transfer in polymer/CNT nanocomposites by Jie Jin, Yao Tong, Mo Song

Subjects: “…Young's modulus…”
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The effect of specific bioactive collagen peptides on tendon remodeling during 15 wk of lower body resistance training by Tom Balshaw, Mark Funnell, Emmet J. McDermott, Thomas M. Maden-Wilkinson, Garry J. Massey, Sean Abela, Btool Quteishat, Max Edsey, Lewis James, Jonathan Folland

Subjects: “…Young's modulus…”
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Analysis of anisotropic viscoelastoplastic properties of cortical bone tissues by Adel A. Abdel-Wahab, Khurshid Alam, Vadim Silberschmidt

“…Based on analysis of elastic–plastic behaviour of the bovine cortical bone tissue, it was found that magnitudes of the longitudinal Young’s modulus for four cortical positions were in the range of 15–24 GPa, while the transversal modulus was lower — between 10 and 15 GPa. …”
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The effect of pore size and porosity on mechanical properties and biological response of porous titanium scaffolds by Carmen Torres, Fares R. Almushref, M. Norrito, Keith Yendall, Yang Liu, Paul Conway

Subjects: “…Young’s modulus…”
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Tendinous tissue adaptation to explosive- vs. sustained-contraction strength training by Garry J. Massey, Tom Balshaw, Thomas M. Maden-Wilkinson, Neale A. Tillin, Jonathan Folland

Subjects: “…Young’s modulus…”
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Modelling of blood flow through heart valves by Vahid Nassehi, Leila Shojai

Subjects: “…Young's modulus…”
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Changes in the stiffness of human mesenchymal stem cells with the progress of cell death as measured by atomic force microscopy by Nikolay Nikolaev, Torsten Muller, David Williams, Yang Liu

“…This note reports observations of the change of stiffness of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) with the progress of cell death as measured by AFM. hMSC with impaired membrane, dead and viable cells were labelled with Annexin V and Propidium Iodide after 24 h cold storage, followed by AFM measurement and Young's modulus of cells was derived. Viable hMSCs have a Young's modulus (E) in the range of 0.81-1.13 kPa and consistent measurement was observed when different measurement locations were chosen. …”
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Rough path properties for local time of symmetric α stable process by Qingfeng Wang, Huaizhong Zhao

“…In this paper, we first prove that the local time associated with symmetric α-stable processes is of bounded p-variation for any View the MathML source partly based on Barlow’s estimation of the modulus of the local time of such processes. The fact that the local time is of bounded p-variation for any View the MathML source enables us to define the integral of the local time View the MathML source as a Young integral for less smooth functions being of bounded q-variation with View the MathML source. …”
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Selective laser crystallization and amorphization in polymer fibres by Francesca Wheeler, John Tyrer, Lewis Jones

“…This paper aims to identify the mechanism of initial Young’s modulus control in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) monofilament yarn and explain the relationship between Young’s modulus and the degree of crystallinity using Takayanagi’s model. …”
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Mechanical behaviour of the constituents inside carbon-fibre/carbon-silicon carbide composites characterised by nano-indentation by Andrew Leatherbarrow, Houzheng Wu

“…Between two types of PAN-based carbon fibre, as well as of pyrolytic carbon, a difference of around a factor of two was evident in the Young's modulus and hardness. For the silicon carbide, a difference of around 100GPa and 5GPa was recorded for the mean Young's modulus and hardness respectively; for silicon, only a small variation was evident. …”
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In-situ micro bend testing of SiC and the effects of Ga+ ion damage by Stuart Robertson, Scott Doak, Zhaoxia Zhou, Houzheng Wu

“…A clear size effect is seen with Young’s modulus decreasing as the cross-sectional area reduces. …”
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Mechanical response of indium micro-joints to low temperature cycling by X. Cheng, Changqing Liu, Vadim Silberschmidt

“…This paper focuses mainly on the tensile test of indium joints at thermal cycling from 300 K to 77 K. The Young's modulus, the ultimate strength and yield strength of the material were obtained. …”
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Talc as a nucleating agent and reinforcing filler in poly(lactic acid) composites by Abdul Shakoor, Noreen Thomas

“…There was significant improvement in Young's modulus of the composites with increasing talc addition and these results were found to fit the Halpin Tsai model. …”
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Design and manufacture of engineered titanium-based materials for biomedical applications by Fares R. Almushref

“…Two approaches were employed to decrease stiffness (i.e. Young s modulus): one, by introducing porosity in a titanium matrix and therefore, reduce its Young s modulus, and two, by designing and manufacturing beta-titanium-based alloys with a reduced Young s modulus. …”
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Viscoelastic characterisation of additively manufactured composites with nylon matrix: effects of type and orientation of fibres by Md Islam, Konstantinos Baxevanakis, Vadim Silberschmidt

“…Dynamic mechanical analysis under a frequency sweep of 1–100 Hz along with tensile tests used to determine the Young's modulus and X-ray micro-CT for evaluation of microstructural porosity were employed to fully describe the viscoelastic behaviour of the composites. …”
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Morphological and mechanical properties of blades of Saccharina latissima by Davide Vettori, Vladimir Nikora

“…The laboratory tests showed that estimates of tensile Young's modulus appeared to be similar to bending Young's modulus suggesting a reasonable degree of isotropy in studied seaweed tissues.…”
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Mechanical property of intermetallic compounds in Zn–Al solder interconnects by nanoindentation and first-principles calculations by Li Liu, Chenru Zhang, Song Du, Zhiwen Chen, Simin Li, Ziwen Chen, Qian Wang, Lingzhu Xie, Changqing Liu

“…In addition, the bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus and hardness values of Al3Ni2 are considerably higher when compared to those of Cu–Zn intermetallic compounds.…”
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The potential of kaolin as a reinforcing filler for rubber composites with new sulfur cure systems by Saad Sheikh, Xuena Yin, Ali Ansarifar, Keith Yendall

“…For natural rubber, the hardness and Young’s modulus improved, tensile strength and tear energy were unchanged and the remaining properties deteriorated when kaolin was added. …”
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Additively manufactured carbon fibre PETG composites: Effect of print parameters on mechanical properties by Andreas L Economides, Md Niamul Islam, Konstantinos Baxevanakis

“…Tensile and compressive tests were conducted to determine quasi-static properties such as Young’s modulus and toughness, and dynamic mechanical analysis was used under a frequency sweep of 1–100 Hz to describe the viscoelastic behaviour of the composites. …”
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Kaolin reinforcement of some rubbers with novel sulfur cure systems by Ali Ansarifar, Saad Sheikh

“…A large amount of kaolin (China clay) was used to reinforce the hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, stored energy density at break, tear resistance, and Young’s modulus of some sulfur-cured NR, BR and EPDM. …”
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A study of the effects of kaolin, solid filler on the processing, mechanical, and dynamic properties of some industrial rubbers cured with novel sulphur cure system by Saad H. Sheikh

“…For BR, the tensile strength, elongation at break and Young s modulus rose by 759%, 256% and 114%, respectively. …”
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Biophysical properties of normal and diseased renal glomeruli by Hans M. Wyss, Joel M. Henderson, Fitzroy J. Byfield, Leslie A. Bruggeman, Yaxian Ding, Chunfa Huang, Jung Hee Suh, Thomas Franke, Elisa Mele, Martin R. Pollak, Jeffrey H. Miner, Paul A. Janmey, David A. Weitz, R. Tyler Miller

“…We use atomic force microscopy (AFM) and a new technique, capillary micromechanics, to measure the elastic properties of rat glomeruli. The Young's modulus of glomeruli was 2,500 Pa, and it was reduced to 1,100 Pa by cytochalasin and latunculin, and to 1,400 Pa by blebbistatin. …”
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Tendinous tissue properties after short and long-term functional overload: Differences between controls, 12 weeks and 4 years of resistance training. by Garry J. Massey, Tom Balshaw, Thomas M. Maden-Wilkinson, Jonathan Folland

“…METHODS: Patellar tendon cross-sectional area, vastus-lateralis aponeurosis area and quadriceps femoris volume, plus patellar tendon stiffness and Young's modulus, and tendon-aponeurosis complex stiffness, were quantified with MRI, dynamometry and ultrasonography. …”
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Variability and anisotropy of mechanical behavior of cortical bone in tension and compression by Simin Li, Emrah Demirci, Vadim Silberschmidt

“…The effective Young’s modulus predicted using the modified Voigt-Reuss-Hill averaging scheme accurately reproduced our experimental results, corroborating additionally a strong effect of random and heterogeneous microstructure on variation of mechanical properties in cortical bone.…”
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Assessing effects of thermoset polyester resin waste powder on the processing and mechanical properties of natural rubber by Ali Ansarifar, L. Wang, Mohamed Osmani, A. Pappu

“…The viscosity remained unchanged and the cure properties deteriorated when the powder was added to the rubber. The hardness, Young’s modulus and tensile modulus increased whereas, the tensile strength, elongation at break, stored energy density at break and tearing energy decreased. …”
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Two advanced styrene-butadiene/polybutadiene rubber blends filled with a silanized silica nanofiller for potential use in passenger car tire tread compound by Farhan Saeed, Ali Ansarifar, Robert J. Ellis, Yared Haile-Meskel, M. Shafiq Irfan

“…The rubbers were primarily cured by using sulfur in TESPT and the cure was optimized by adding non-sulfur donor and sulfur donor accelerators and zinc oxide. The hardness, Young’s modulus, modulus at different strain amplitudes, tensile strength, elongation at break, stored energy density at break, tear strength, cyclic fatigue life, heat build-up, abrasion resistance, glass transition temperature, bound rubber and tan d of the cured blends were measured. …”
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Some factors affecting the flex life of polybutadiene rubber vulcanisate by Muhammad Farooq, Ali Ansarifar

“…The mechanical properties of the rubber vulcanisates such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at break, stored energy density at break and tear energy were subsequently determined. …”
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Effect of hybrid reinforcement based on precipitated silica and montmorillonite nanofillers on the mechanical properties of a silicone rubber by Nik I. Nik Ismail, Ali Ansarifar, Mo Song

“…Furthermore, when the hybrid filler weight ratio was raised to its optimum, the tensile strength, Young’s modulus, modulus at 100% and 300% elongation (M100 and M300), elongation at break, stored energy density at break and hardness of the nanocomposite improved. …”
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Mechanical and chemical characterisation of bioresorbable polymeric stent over two-year in vitro degradation by Raasti Naseem, Liguo Zhao, Vadim Silberschmidt, Yang Liu, O.W. Scaife, Helen Willcock, S.K. Eswaran, S. Hossainy

“…No significant changes to the Young’s modulus were observed with the atomic force microscopy due to bulk degradation nature of the polymer. …”
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High mechanical performance polyurea/organoclay nanocomposites by Dongyu Cai, Mo Song

“…The significant reinforcement was observed in a highly crosslinked PUr (HPUr), in which the Young’s modulus, stress and elongation at break was improved by ∼40%, ∼110% and ∼50%, respectively, with the addition of 5 wt% C20. …”
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Development of novel bio-derived polymer composites reinforced with natural fibres and mineral fillers by Abdul Shakoor

“…There was significant improvement in Young s modulus of the composites with increasing talc addition and these results were found to fit the Halpin Tsai model. …”
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Microstructural and mechanical characterization of thin-walled tube manufactured with selective laser melting for stent application by Enzoh Langi, Liguo Zhao, P Jamshidi, M Attallah, Vadim Silberschmidt, Helen Willcock, F Vogt

“…Berkovich nanoindentation suggested an effect for the grain orientation on the hardness and Young’s modulus. The stress-strain curves and the indentation yield strength for the tube and stent were similar. …”
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Experimental study of mechanical properties and in vitro degradation of bioresorbable polymers for cardiovascular applications by Raasti Naseem

“…It was discovered that AFM was possible to quantify the very local mechanical property, Young’s modulus, of the scaffold. Nanoindentation provided a wide range of Young’s modulus data for the virgin material, depending on the load level as well as additional factors such as ageing and the polymeric structure. …”
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Investigating the sources of variability in the dynamic response of built-up structures through a linear analytical model by Ali Abolfathi, Daniel O'Boy, Stephen Walsh, Stephen A. Fisher

“…Furthermore, the effects of the different parameters, for example the variation in joint locations or the range of the Young's modulus, on the dynamic response of the system are not the same. …”
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A microscopic and macroscopic study of aging collagen on its molecular structure, mechanical properties, and cellular response by Sammy Wilson, Marie Guilbert, Josep Sule-Suso, James Torbet, Pierre Jeannesson, Ganesh D. Sockalingum, Ying Yang

“…Exceptionally, only young collagens formed highly aligned fibrils under magnetic fields. …”
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Short fibre woodcellulose as a filler for natural rubber by Ku Abd Rahman Ku Ismail

“…Experimental and theoretical curves of Young's modulus versus volume concentration of fibres show good correlation up to fibre volume concentration of 30%; beyond which increasing divergence occurred. …”
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Development of high performance carbon nanotube/polymer composites by Dongyu Cai

“…With the incorporation of 4.4wt% graphite oxide nanoplatelets, the Young's modulus and hardness of the PU were significantly increased by -900% and -327%, respectively. …”
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In-situ formation of polyvinylidene fluoride microspheres within polycaprolactone electrospun mats by Gianluca Balzamo, Xiyu Zhang, Wolfram A. Bosbach, Elisa Mele

“…Consequently, the fibre-particle systems exhibit increased Young's modulus and tensile strength (up to 1.7-fold increase) if compared to PCL electrospun mats, while maintaining a porous structure. …”
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Modelling flow-induced reconfiguration of variable rigidity aquatic vegetation by Tim Marjoribanks, Maike Paul

“…The model is validated for straight and curved beams before being applied to experimental data using surrogates with variable thickness and Young’s modulus. Finally, the model is applied to saltmarsh vegetation data. …”
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Rapid prediction of fibre-dominant tensile failure in randomly oriented strands by Andre Jesus, Xiaodong Xu

“…The tape properties from their distributions are generated in a Monte Carlo simulation. The Young’s modulus of a laminate is accurately predicted using classical laminate theory. …”
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High-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes based on poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) and POSS incorporated ionic liquid by Fan Zhang, Xujin Bao, Qingting Liu, Mengyao Huang

“…It was found that good dispersion of POSS-IL in the polymer matrix increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the membranes. For membranes with the same H3PO4 content, the incorporation of POSS-IL increased the conductivities of the membranes by about two orders of magnitude. …”
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Characterization of micro‐mechanical properties of AlON ceramic by cantilever bending test by Maomao Ding, Stuart Robertson, Tun Wang, Lingcong Fan, Zehan Sun, Benjamin Maerz, Robert Crookes, Jianjun Xie, Ying Shi, Houzheng Wu

“…The deformation behaviors were investigated by measurement of the load and displacement dependence of cantilever beams from micro bending tests. Young’s modulus of AlON transparent ceramics was calculated from load and displacement curves, the results of which were consistent with results of previous works. …”
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The mechanics of interface fracture in layered composite materials: (2) cohesive interfaces by Simon Wang, Christopher Harvey, Liangliang Guan, Hezong Li

“…In the case of interface fracture in the layered isotropic materials, the pure modes in 2D elasticity partition theory only depend on the ratio between the penalty stiffness to the Young’s modulus of the materials and are independent of the shape of the cohesive laws. …”
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Brittle interfacial cracking between two dissimilar elastic layers: part 2-numerical verification by Christopher Harvey, Joe Wood, Simon Wang

“…A thorough program of 2D finite element method (FEM) simulations is carried out parametrically on a bimaterial double cantilever beam (DCB) model in MSC/NASTRAN. The Young's modulus ratio, the Poisson's ratio, the thickness ratio, and the DCB tip loads are varied over their entire practically useful domains for different values of the crack extension size. …”
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Effects of electroplating on the mechanical properties of stereolithography and laser sintered parts by Naguib Saleh, Neil Hopkinson, Richard J.M. Hague, Sean Wise

“…Composite theory was used to predict that thicker coating would lead to higher Young’s modulus in parts and this was shown to be true in physical tests although the practical values were lower than the predicted values especially for thicker coatings. …”
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Developing ethylene-propylene-diene rubber compounds for industrial applications using a sulfur-bearing silanized silica nanofiller by Ali Ansarifar, Farhan Saeed

“…The hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, stored energy density at break, tear strength, Young’s modulus, M50-M300, compression set, cyclic fatigue life and bound rubber content of the rubber vulcanizates were measured. …”
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Photo-polymerisable electrospun fibres of N-methacrylate glycol chitosan for biomedical applications by Ilaria Romano, Elisa Mele, Jose A. Heredia-Guerrero, Luca Ceseracciu, Hadi Hajiali, Luca Goldoni, Lara Marini, Athanassia Athanassiou

“…The produced fibrous mats are characterised by thermal stability, Young's modulus of 140 MPa and ultimate strength of 4 MPa. …”
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