The microbial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide in association with inflammation and microbial dysregulation in three HIV cohorts at various disease stages

OBJECTIVE:HIV-1-infection infers an increased cardiovascular risk where gut dysbiosis and microbial translocation may contribute. We assessed TMAO, a microbial metabolite with atherosclerotic properties, in plasma of HIV-1-infected individuals at different clinical stages in relation to inflammatory...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:AIDS (London) 2018-07, Vol.32 (12), p.1589-1598
Main Authors: Missailidis, Catharina, Neogi, Ujjwal, Stenvinkel, Peter, Trøseid, Marius, Nowak, Piotr, Bergman, Peter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AIDS/HIV
HIV-1
lipopolysaccharide
microbiota
trimethylamine-N-oxide
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Summary:OBJECTIVE:HIV-1-infection infers an increased cardiovascular risk where gut dysbiosis and microbial translocation may contribute. We assessed TMAO, a microbial metabolite with atherosclerotic properties, in plasma of HIV-1-infected individuals at different clinical stages in relation to inflammatory markers, cardiovascular events and gut microbiota. METHODS:Primary HIV-1-infected (n = 17) and chronic HIV-1-infected individuals (n = 22) were sampled before and after ART-initiation. In the chronic HIV-1-cohort, repeated faecal samples were analysed by 16SrRNA gene sequencing. HIV-1-infected individuals on longstanding ART (n = 101) and healthy HIV-1-negative individuals (n = 60), served as controls. TMAO and markers of immune activation were analysed by LC/MS/MS and immune assays, respectively. RESULTS:TMAO levels were lower in untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, increased significantly after ART-initiation (P = 0.040 and P 
ISSN:0269-9370
1473-5571
1473-5571
DOI:10.1097/QAD.0000000000001813