Knowledge discovery from cDNA microarrays and a priori knowledge

• Main Author: Midelfart, Herman
• Format: Dissertation
• Language: English
• Subjects: bioinformatikk; Dataanalyse; genetikk; mikroarrayer

Microarray technology has recently attracted a lot of attention. This technology can measure the behavior (i.e., RNA abundance) of thousands of genes simultaneously, while previous methods have only allowed measurements of single genes. By enabling studies on a genome-wide scale, microarray technology is currently revolutionizing biological research and creating a wide range of research opportunities. However, the technology generates a vast amount of data that cannot be handled manually. Computational analysis is thus a prerequisite for the success of this technology, and research and development of computational tools for microarray analysis are of great importance. This thesis develops supervised learning methods based on Rough Set Theory (RST) for analyzing microarray data together with prior knowledge. Two kinds of microarray studies are considered. The first is cancer studies where supervised learning may be used for predicting tumor subtypes and clinical parameters. We introduce a general RST approach for classification of tumor samples analyzed by microarrays. This includes a feature selection method for selecting genes that discriminate significantly between a set of classes. RST classifiers are then learned from the selected genes. The approach is applied to a data set of gastric tumors. Classifiers for six clinical parameters are developed and demonstrate that these parameters can be predicted from the expression profile of gastric tumors. Moreover, the performance of the feature selection method as well as several learning and discretization methods implemented in ROSETTA are examined and compared to the performance of linear and quadratic discrimination analysis. The classifiers are also biologically validated. One of the best classifiers is selected for each clinical parameter, and the connection between the genes used in these classifiers and the parameters are compared to the established knowledge in the biomedical literature. Many of these genes have no previously known connection to gastric cancer and provide interesting targets for further biological research. The second kind of study is prediction of gene function from expression profiles measured with microarrays. A serious problem in this case is that functional classes, which are assigned to genes, are typically organized in an ontology where the classes may be related to each other. One example is the Gene Ontology where the classes form a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). Standard lear