Bubbling Inception Temperature in Power Transformers-Part 1: Comparative Study of Kraft Paper, Thermally Upgraded Kraft Paper, and Aramid Paper With Mineral Oil

The bubbling inception temperature (BIT) of insulating materials used in transformers is critical for their performance and lifespan. This study, which represents the first part of a two-part series, provides a comparative analysis of the BIT for kraft paper, thermally upgraded kraft paper (TUK), an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE access 2025, Vol.13, p.51287-51299
Main Authors: Gmati, Ghada, Fofana, Issouf, Picher, Patrick, Meghnefi, Fethi, Henry Arroyo-Fernandez, Oscar, Rebaine, Djamal, Brahami, Youssouf, Marie Lucia Kouba, Yapi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aramid paper
Autotransformers
bubble formation
Bubbling
bubbling inception temperature (BIT)
Comparative studies
Dynamic loads
Empirical equations
Insulation
Kraft paper
mineral oil
Mineral oils
Minerals
Moisture
Moisture content
Moisture control
Nitrogen
Oil insulation
Oils
Power transformer insulation
Real time
Reliability
Solids
Temperature measurement
Thermal stability
thermally upgraded kraft (TUK) paper
transformer insulation
water content in paper (WCP)
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