Fast Charging Sodium‐Ion Full Cell Operated From −50 °C to 90 °C

• Published in: Advanced functional materials 2024-11, Vol.35 (1), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Zhao, Shaoyuan, Li, Guodong, Li, Zhi, Zhang, Kai, Chen, Xinyao, Dong, Xiaoli, Wang, Yonggang, Cao, Yongjie, Xia, Yongyao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anodes; Charging; Diffusion rate; Electrolytes; fast charging; Ion diffusion; Sodium; sodium iron sulfate; sodium titanium phosphate; Sodium-ion batteries; sodium‐ion full cell (SIFC); wide temperature
• ISSN: 1616-301X; 1616-3028
• DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202411007

The application of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) within grid‐scale energy storage systems (ESSs) critically hinges upon fast charging technology. However, challenges arise particularly with anodes such as hard carbon (HC), which exhibits a low working plateau (less than 0.1 V vs Na/Na+) and is susceptible to sodium dendrite issues under high current densities. In this study, a cost‐effective SIB system comprising Na2.4Fe1.8(SO4)3 (NFS) cathode, NaTi2(PO4)3 (NTP) anode, and ester‐based electrolyte is assembled to solve the fast‐charging obstacle. Benefiting from the fast sodium‐ion diffusion kinetics and relatively high voltage platform of NTP anode, this full cell can work for 10 000 cycles at 10 C rate with a notable capacity retention of 70.7%. Moreover, this investigation reveals that the full cell can operate safely between ‐50 to 90 °C even with an ester‐based electrolyte, thereby showcasing broad application prospects. This work provides a valuable guidance for designing fast charging and wide temperature SIBs. This study demonstrates a cost‐effective sodium‐ion battery system comprising Na2.4Fe1.8(SO4)3 cathode, NaTi2(PO4)3 anode, and ester‐based electrolyte to solve the challenge in fast charging and wide temperature fields. Benefiting from the safe NaTi2(PO4)3 anode, this full cell works for 10 000 cycles at 10 C rate with 70.7% capacity retention and delivers stable operation between −50 °C to 90 °C.