Biodegradability of Carbon Nano‐Onions by Human Myeloperoxidase and Photo‐Fenton Process

The biodegradability of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) in the environment and organisms needs to be understood, and it is highly essential to estimate their in vivo fate, especially for clinical applications. It is also important to investigate their metabolites formation to fully understand their bioc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ChemNanoMat : chemistry of nanomaterials for energy, biology and more biology and more, 2024-06, Vol.10 (6), p.n/a
Main Authors: Swetha, K., Camisasca, Adalberto, Bartkowski, Michał, Garhwal, Akash, Aravind, Ananya, Ganesh, Prathiksha, Giordani, Silvia, Kurapati, Rajendra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biodegradation
carbon nano-onions
Carbon nanomaterials
graphene
neutrophils
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Summary:The biodegradability of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) in the environment and organisms needs to be understood, and it is highly essential to estimate their in vivo fate, especially for clinical applications. It is also important to investigate their metabolites formation to fully understand their biocompatibility. Herein, we explored the biodegradability of multilayer fullerenes, better known as carbon nano‐onions (CNOs), by treating them with human myeloperoxidase (hMPO) isolated from the neutrophils, plant enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the photo‐Fenton (PF) reaction. High‐resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and mass spectrometry (MS) results confirmed that CNOs are not bio‐persistent. Moreover, these results indicate that the oxidized (functionalized) CNOs can undergo faster biodegradation than the pristine CNOs. The possible by‐products of biodegradation of CNOs were characterized using mass spectrometry. An understanding of the biodegradation properties of CNOs and their metabolites is fundamental for future biomedical applications. The biodegradability of multi‐layer fullerenes or carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) is possible by treating with the human myeloperoxidase (hMPO) isolated from the neutrophils present in the blood. The spectroscopic and microscopic techniques confirm the biodegradation of CNOs by hMPO and UV‐assisted photo‐Fenton reaction. These results are highly useful in designing the biomedical applications of CNOs such as drug delivery and bioimaging.
ISSN:2199-692X
2199-692X
DOI:10.1002/cnma.202300630