Fish Oil Recovery from Viscera of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) by Supercritical Fluid: An Optimization Approach

• Published in: Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society (Taipei) 2012-11, Vol.59 (11), p.1421-1429
• Main Authors: Ferdosh, Sahena, Sarker, Md. Zaidul Islam, Abd Rahman, Nik Norulaini Nik, Selamat, Jinap, Karim, Md. Rezaul, Razak, Tariq Abdul, Abd Kadir, Mohd Omar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Fish oil; Indian Mackerel; Pressure swing; Response surface methodology; Supercritical fluid extraction; Viscera
• ISSN: 0009-4536; 2192-6549
• DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201100235

Fish viscera, a waste of fish processing industry, can be exploited as a source of PUFA‐rich fish oil for use in food or pharmaceutical industry and at the same time the environment can be protected from pollution by fish wastes. Fish oil was recovered from viscera of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), by different supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) e.g. continuous, co‐solvent, soaking, and pressure swing techniques and the yields were compared with that of the solvent extraction method. The SFE parameters such as pressure, temperature, and CO2 flow rate were optimised by employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a view to maximize the oil yield and minimize CO2 consumption. The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) consisting of three variables provided 20 experimental settings. Multiple regressions determined the coefficients of the second‐order polynomial equation. The optimum parameters for all 4 techniques applied were found to be 35 MPa, 60 °C, and 2 mL min−1 with an Oil recovery ranging from 93 to 99%. The study demonstrated a lower CO2 consumption by the soaking and pressure swing techniques at the optimized conditions. Thus, the soaking and pressure swing techniques were most effective for extracting oil from fish viscera. Managing fish waste is an urgent need and producing fish oil free from toxic solvent is of health concern. Fish oil was extracted with supercritical CO2 from fish viscera, a fish processing waste. It was an environment‐friendly, economically cheap and efficient method. The method was optimized by response surface methodology having optimum pressure and temperature of 35MPa and 60°C, respectively.