Kinetics and Mechanism of Chlorine Exchange between Chloramine‐T and Secondary Amines

• Published in: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 1992-07, Vol.81 (7), p.652-656
• Main Authors: Dannan, Hana, Crooks, Peter A., Dittert, Lewis W., Hussain, Anwar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Amines - chemistry; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - chemistry; Biological and medical sciences; Chloramines - chemistry; Chlorine - chemistry; Disinfectants - chemistry; Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents - chemistry; Kinetics; Medical sciences; Miscellaneous (drug allergy, mutagens, teratogens...); Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Tosyl Compounds
• ISSN: 0022-3549; 1520-6017
• DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600810712

The kinetics and mechanisms of chlorine transfer from chloramine‐T (CAT) to several amines are second order and independent of p‐toluenesulfonamide concentration; thus, the reaction does not involve disproportionation of CAT to dichloramine‐T. From the profile of pH versus rate, the following mechanisms were proposed: (1) reaction of the ionized species of CAT with the ionized amine (ionic mechanism) and (2) reaction of the un‐ionized species of CAT with the un‐ionized amine (nonionic mechanism). The second‐order, pH‐independent rate constants calculated for the ionic and nonionic mechanisms were 1.6 and 5 × 106 M−1 s−1, respectively. Although these two mechanisms are kinetically indistinguishable, the rate constant for the nonionic mechanism is of the same order of magnitude as those calculated for similar chlorination reactions involving nonionizable chloramines, such as N‐chlorosuccinimide, N‐chloroquinuclidine, and N‐chloro‐N‐methylbenzenesulfonamide. The proposed mechanism for the chlorine exchange involves a molecule of water in a cyclic, six‐membered transition state.