Effect of NaClO 4 Dopant on Chemical Bond and Electrochemical Characteristic of Benzoyl Kappa‐Carrageenan Gel Biopolymer Electrolyte

• Published in: Macromolecular chemistry and physics 2024-08, Vol.225 (15)
• Main Authors: Manap, Nor Rahafza Abdul, Shrgawi, Norsyabila, Shamsudin, Intan Juliana, Hanibah, Hussein, Kasim, Norherdawati, Noor, Siti Aminah Mohd, Pongali, Priyatharshiny, Abdullah, Norli, Rosli, Nurul Hazwani Aminuddin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1022-1352; 1521-3935
• DOI: 10.1002/macp.202400062

Gel biopolymer electrolytes based on benzoyl kappa‐carrageenan (Bz‐κcar) as polymer host and sodium perchlorate (NaClO 4 ) as dopants are successfully produced. The concentration of NaClO 4 is varied from 0.5 to 3.0 wt% to investigate its effects on the chemical bonds and electrochemical characteristic of electrolytes. Characterizations are performed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electrochemical impedance analysis (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry, and transference number measurement. Significant changes in the FTIR spectra are detected, which indicate chemical interactions between Bz‐ƙcar and NaClO 4 . The ionic conductivity ( σ ) of the gel electrolytes increases with higher concentrations of NaClO 4 , suggesting that NaClO 4 is an effective charge carrier in the system. The highest σ of the gel electrolyte attained at ambient temperature is 1.29 × 10 −3 S cm −1 . The temperature dependence of conductivity is Arrhenian in the studied temperature range and achieves an elevated σ of 7.90 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at 373 K with small values in the activation energy ( E a ) observed in all the prepared electrolytes. Electrochemical stability of 1.50 V achieves the highest conducting electrolyte by means of linear sweep voltammetry. Transference number measurement confirms that ions predominate the conduction of electrolyte with 0.85 ion transference number.