The interfacial polycarbonate reaction: Modeling the kinetics of carbamate side reactions

• Published in: Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry Polymer chemistry, 1990-05, Vol.28 (6), p.1507-1518
• Main Authors: Kosky, P. G., Boden, E. P.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Exact sciences and technology; Organic polymers; Physicochemistry of polymers; Polycondensation; Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts
• ISSN: 0887-624X; 1099-0518
• DOI: 10.1002/pola.1990.080280617

Interfacial phosgenation of bisphenols to form polycarbonates is catalyzed by trialkylamines. Trialkylamines also react with chloroformate‐terminated intermediates and form acyl ammonium salts. These salts are important intermediates in the polymerization but also may undergo decomposition to chain‐terminating carbamates that contaminate the polymer. We model these side reactions by the use of phenyl chloroformate and triethylamine which leads to the formation of N,N‐diethyl phenyl carbamate. The reaction is exothermic but has been measured under isothermal conditions in refluxing dichloromethane (at 39°C). The initial salt‐forming step is quickly established at near equilibrium conditions; its apparent equilibrium constant is 21 ± 2 L/mol and its rate constant is estimated to be at least an order of magnitude greater than 30 L/mol/min. Subsequent decomposition of the salt appears to follow first order kinetics in the salt concentration. Its rate constant is 1.3 ± 0.2 min‐1 under the experimental conditions. The various components of the reaction were examined by high field NMR and GC/MS. It was possible definitively to exclude base ion as an ancillary mechanism. NMR showed that unreacted triethylamine is loosely associated with species within the reaction and does not exist as free amine.