Origins of resistances to rust and late leaf spot in peanut (Arachis hypogaea, Fabaceae)

• Published in: Economic botany 1989-10, Vol.43 (4), p.444-455
• Main Authors: Subrahmanyam, P., Rao, V. Ramanatha, McDonald, D., J. P. Moss, R. W. Gibbons
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; amelioration des plantes; america del sur; amerique du sud; arachis hypogaea; Biological and medical sciences; Biological resistance; champignon; Crop science; Disease resistance; distribucion natural; distribution naturelle; enfermedades fungosas; Evolution; fitomejoramiento; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; fungi; Generalities; Genetics and breeding of economic plants; Genotypes; germoplasma; germplasm; Groundnuts; mycose; mycoses; natural distribution; Pathogens; Peanuts; Pest resistance; plant breeding; Plant diseases; plasma germinatif; puccinia; resistance aux maladies; resistencia a la enfermedad; south america; Tropical medicine; Varietal selection. Specialized plant breeding, plant breeding aims
• ISSN: 0013-0001; 1874-9364
• DOI: 10.1007/BF02935917

The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea, Fabaceae) is believed to have originated along the eastern slopes of the Andes in Bolivia and northern Argentina. The crop is now grown throughout tropical and warm temperate regions. Among diseases attacking peanuts, rust caused by Puccinia arachidis and late leaf spot caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata are the most important and destructive on a worldwide scale. Both pathogens, restricted in host range to Arachis, probably originated and coevolved in South America along with their hosts. In recent years there has been much emphasis on screening of peanut germplasm for resistance to these diseases. At the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), India, some 10,000 peanut germplasm accessions were screened for resistance to rust and late leaf spot during 1977-1985 and sources of resistance indentified for either or both pathogens. Of the resistant genotypes, about 87% belonged to A. hypogaea var. fastigiata and 13% to var. hypogaea; 84% originated in South America or had South American connections. A high percentage (75%) had their origin in Peru (believed to be a secondary gene center for var. hirsuta and var. fastigiata), suggesting that resistance to rust and late leaf spot diseases might have evolved in that country. /// L'arachide cultivée (Arachis hypogaea, Fabaceae) serait originaire du versant oriental des Andes, en Bolivie et en Argentine du Nord. Cette culture est maintenant pratiquée dans toutes les régions tropicales et tempérées relativement chaudes du monde. A l'échelle mondiale, la rouille, Puccinia arachidis, et la cercosporiose tardive, Phaeoisariopsis personata, sont les deux principales maladies de l'arachide. Les deux agents pathogènes, dont Arachis est l'hôte unique, sont probablement aussi originaires de l'Amérique du Sud, où ils se seraient développés avec leurs hôtes. Au cours des dernières années, un effort particulier a été fait pour cribler les ressources génétiques pour leur résistance à ces maladies. A l'Institut International de Recherches sur les Cultures des Zones Tropicales Semi-Arides (ICRISAT), en Inde, quelque 10,000 génotypes d'arachide ont été criblés, entre 1977 et 1985, pour leur résistance à la rouille et la cercosporiose tardive, et des sources de résistance à l'un ou l'autre, ou aux deux agents pathogènes ont été identifiées. Près de 87% des génotypes résistants appartenaient à A. hypogaea var. fastigiata et 13% à var. hypogaea; 84% d'ent