The apparent change of activity with temperature in a 226Ra decay chain

• Published in: Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 2012-03, Vol.291 (3), p.753-761
• Main Authors: Thompson, John, Luo, Nie, Entenmann, Charlie, Miley, G. H., Swartz, Mitchell R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Diagnostic Radiology; Hadrons; Heavy Ions; Inorganic Chemistry; Nuclear Chemistry; Nuclear Physics; Physical Chemistry
• ISSN: 0236-5731; 1588-2780
• DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1403-5

Radioactive decay rates are to a large extent believed to be independent of the chemical environment. This is the physics basis implicitly assumed in applications such as radioisotope dating. While this statement is a good approximation for most radioactive decays, there are cases where a slight variation of 0.5% or more can be observed, as in the electron capture type of decay. There are renewed interests in possible decay-rate changes with external parameters such as temperature, with controversy as to the phenomenon’s authenticity. In this paper, we study the variation of radioactivity counts that significantly change (up to 50% or more) with temperature. We carefully studied the characteristics of the change and found that the presence of a gaseous decay daughter can pose a serious challenge to a bona fide account of the intrinsic nuclear decay rate. After a careful solution to rate equations of the relevant isotopes under our experimental conditions, we found that most of the radioactivity change could be accounted for by the diffusion and loss of gaseous daughters under the heat, without a supposed change in the intrinsic nuclear decay rate. We hence demonstrate that an accurate determination of the decay constant has to consider the possible diffusion of volatile components in the decay chain. This is especially important in cases involving significant temperature change.