Activity Structures and the Unfolding of Problem-Solving Actions in High-School Chemistry Classrooms

• Published in: Research in science education (Australasian Science Education Research Association) 2014-02, Vol.44 (1), p.155-188
• Main Authors: Criswell, Brett A., Rushton, Greg T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activity structure; Chemistry; Classroom techniques; Discourse analysis; Education; High School Students; Inquiry; Next Generation Science Standards (US); Problem Solving; Science Activities; Science Education; Science Instruction; Science Teachers; Science teaching; Secondary education; Secondary School Teachers; Systems Approach; Teacher Education; Teaching Methods
• ISSN: 0157-244X; 1573-1898
• DOI: 10.1007/s11165-013-9374-x

This paper argues for a more systematic approach for studying the relationship between classroom practices and scientific practices, an approach that will likely better support the systemic reforms being promoted in the Next Generation Science Standards in the United States and similar efforts in other countries. One component of that approach is looking at how the nature of the activity structure may influence the relative alignment between classroom and scientific practices. To that end, the authors built on previously published research related to the practices utilised by five high school chemistry teachers as they enacted problem solving activities in which students were likely to generate proposals that were not aligned with normative scientific understandings. In that prior work, the analysis had emphasised micro-level features of the talk interactions and how they related to the way students' ideas were explored; in the current paper, the analysis zooms out to consider the macro-level nature of the enactments associated with the activity structure of each lesson examined. The data show that there were two general patterns to the activity structure across the 14 lessons scrutinised, and that each pattern had associated with it a constellation of features that impinged on the way the problem space was navigated. A key finding is that both activity structures (the expansive and the open) had features that aligned with scientific practices espoused in the Next Generation Science Standards and both had features that were not aligned with those practices. The nature of these two structures, evidence of the relationship of each structure to key features of how the lessons unfolded, and the implications of these findings for both future research and the training of teachers are discussed. [Author abstract, ed]