Pharmacokinetics of Synthetic Cathinones Found in Bath Salts in Mouse Brain and Plasma Using High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

• Published in: European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics 2021-11, Vol.46 (6), p.771-778
• Main Authors: Gearlds, Courtney, Bouldin, Jessica Brooke, McKinney, Mariah, Schreiner, Shannon, Brown, Stacy D., Pond, Brooks B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alkaloids - blood; Alkaloids - pharmacokinetics; Animals; Benzodioxoles - pharmacokinetics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Blood-Testis Barrier; Brain - metabolism; Central Nervous System Stimulants - pharmacokinetics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods; Human Physiology; Male; Medical Biochemistry; Methamphetamine - analogs & derivatives; Methamphetamine - pharmacokinetics; Mice; Original Research Article; Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacy; Pyrrolidines - pharmacokinetics; Salts - metabolism; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods
• ISSN: 0378-7966; 2107-0180
• DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00712-1

Background and Objectives Approximately 10 years ago, “bath salts” became popular as legal alternatives to the psychostimulants cocaine and the amphetamines. These products contained synthetic cathinones, including 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), 4-methylmethcathinone (mephedrone), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethcathinone (methylone). Most preclinical investigations have only assessed the effects of these synthetic cathinones independently; however, case reports and Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) studies indicate that bath salts contain mixtures of these substances. In this study, we examine the pharmacokinetic interactions of the drug combination. We hypothesized that combined exposure to MDPV, mephedrone, and methylone would result in increased drug concentrations and enhanced total drug concentrations when compared to individual administration. Methods Adolescent male Swiss–Webster mice were injected intraperitoneally with either 10 mg/kg MDPV, 10 mg/kg mephedrone, 10 mg/kg methylone, or 10 mg/kg combined MDPV, mephedrone, and methylone. Following injection, brains and plasma were collected at 1, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. Drugs were extracted via solid-phase extraction, and concentrations were determined using a previously published high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method. Results All drugs crossed the blood–brain barrier quickly. For methylone, the maximal concentration ( C max ) and the total drug exposure [as represented by the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)] were significantly higher when combined with mephedrone and MDPV in both matrices (2.89-fold increase for both C max and AUC with combined treatment). For mephedrone, the C max was unchanged, but the AUC in brain was increased when in combination by approximately 34%. Interestingly, for MDPV, the C max was unchanged, yet the AUC was higher when MDPV was administered individually (there was a 62% decrease in AUC with combined treatment). Conclusions The pharmacokinetics of methylone, mepedrone, and MDPV are altered when the drugs are used in combination. These data provide insight into the consequences of co-exposure to synthetic cathinones in popular bath salt products.