Li-Rich Layered Oxides and Their Practical Challenges: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs), also known as Li 1+ x M 1− x O 2 or x Li 2 MnO 3 -(1– x )LiMO 2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn), have been regarded as some of the highest capacity lithium cathodes and have attracted increasing attention from battery researchers and engineers in recent years. This is because LL...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Electrochemical energy reviews 2019-06, Vol.2 (2), p.277-311
Main Authors: Hu, Sijiang, Pillai, Anoop. S., Liang, Gemeng, Pang, Wei Kong, Wang, Hongqiang, Li, Qingyu, Guo, Zaiping
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Catalysis
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
Renewable and Green Energy
Review Article
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Summary:Lithium-rich layered oxides (LLOs), also known as Li 1+ x M 1− x O 2 or x Li 2 MnO 3 -(1– x )LiMO 2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn), have been regarded as some of the highest capacity lithium cathodes and have attracted increasing attention from battery researchers and engineers in recent years. This is because LLOs possess maximum possible capacities of ~ 280 to 310 mAh g −1 with a high working potential of ~ 3.7 V (vs. Li + /Li 0 ) and an astounding energy density of ~ 900 Wh kg −1 . Despite these promising properties, these technologically important cathodes have not yet been successfully commercialized due to low initial Coulombic efficiency, poor rate capabilities and gradual capacity/voltage fade during electrochemical cycling as well as further complications from continuous structural changes during cycling. Here, researchers have concluded that these issues mainly originate from the electrochemical activation of Li 2 MnO 3 components, which, although it provides anomalously high capacity performances, also causes associated complex anionic redox activities of O and irreversible structural and phase transformations during charging at potentials greater than 4.5 V (vs. Li + /Li 0 ). To provide perspectives, this review will summarize various attempts made towards addressing these issues and present the connections between electrochemical properties and structural change. In addition, this review will discuss redox chemistries and mechanistic behaviours during cycling and will provide future research directions to guide the commercialization of LLOs. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:2520-8489
2520-8136
DOI:10.1007/s41918-019-00032-8