Can the fatty acid selectivity of plant lipases be predicted from the composition of the seed triglyceride?

• Published in: Biochimica et biophysica acta 1999-09, Vol.1440 (2), p.215-224
• Main Authors: Hellyer, Susan Amanda, Chandler, Ian Christopher, Bosley, John Anthony
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: fatty acid composition; Fatty acid selectivity; fatty acids; Fatty Acids - analysis; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - analysis; hydrolysis; Hydrolysis assay; Lipase - metabolism; Oilseed; oilseeds; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant lipase; Plant Oils - chemistry; Plants - enzymology; Seeds - chemistry; Seeds - enzymology; Substrate Specificity; triacylglycerol lipase; Triglycerides - chemistry; Triglycerides - metabolism
• ISSN: 1388-1981; 0006-3002; 1879-2618; 1878-2434
• DOI: 10.1016/S1388-1981(99)00125-0

To address the question can the fatty acid selectivity of plant lipases be predicted from the composition of the seed triglyceride, we have characterised the selectivity of lipases from a wide range of oilseeds with diverse fatty acid compositions. For this study, a novel hydrolysis assay using a fully randomised oil, was developed. From some seed sources (e.g. Cinnamomum camphora), lipases show high preference for particular fatty acids, whilst from others (e.g. Brassica napus, Theobroma cacao), lipases show no fatty acid selectivity within the range C8 to C18:3. Using the results, we put forward a hypothesis that only seeds with >80% saturated or ‘unusual’ fatty acids may contain lipases which exhibit selectivity. It therefore follows that since the majority of seeds are composed of unsaturated fatty acids, that highly selective lipases will be unusual in nature. However lipases from some species of the Cuphea genera show exceptionally high preference for particular fatty acids. For example, lipase from seeds of Cuphea procumbans has over 20-fold selectivity for C10:0.