Runoff generation in a semiarid environment: The role of rainstorm intra-event temporal variability and antecedent soil moisture

• Published in: Advances in water resources 2024-06, Vol.188, p.104715, Article 104715
• Main Authors: Assouline, Shmuel, Sela, Shai, Dorman, Michael, Svoray, Tal
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Hydrus-1D; Infiltration; Ponding; Rainfall intensity; Runoff; Seal layer; Soil moisture
• ISSN: 0309-1708; 1872-9657
• DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104715

•Rainfall/runoff relationship is studied using simulated rainstorms time series.•The impact of rainfall intensity and antecedent soil moisture on runoff formation is analyzed and quantified.•Rainfall intensification and dry spells increase lead to the reduction of potential runoff.•Increase in the variance of storm intensity generates more runoff.•Negative skewness in storm structure leads to early runoff occurrence while zero skewness leads to more runoff. Rainfall intensity and antecedent soil moisture are key variables affecting the initiation and accumulation of runoff, and therefore, impact on the occurence flood events. We used time series of rainfall intensities characterizing rainstorms with different mean, standard deviation, and skewness to simulate runoff response of a sealed loamy soil profile under various initial soil moisture conditions. We found that shifting from wet to dry initial soil moisture leads to a 300 % increase in ponding time and a 350 % decrease in total runoff. Intense rainfall events catalyze runoff development and runoff occurs earlier with increasing mean, maximum intensity, and variance of rainfall. Higher variance in intra-event storm-intensity temporal distribution yields more runoff. Earlier runoff formation aligned with negatively skewed storm structures, but largest cumulative runoff resulted from storms displaying near-zero skewness values. The combination between rainfall intensification and extended dry periods between storms might reduce potential runoff. These insights improve our understanding of anticipated impacts of climate variations on floods and may also contribute to ecosystem health evaluations, and bolster predictive capabilities of surface processes.