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Age class, density and temporal effects on diet composition of sheep in an alpine ecosystem

Understanding diet selection is important since diet determines energy intake and therefore growth of ungulate populations. Yet very few studies have reported annual variation in diet. Density-dependent diet choice by large herbivores has been reported several times, but these studies are typically...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Basic and applied ecology 2012-08, Vol.13 (5), p.466-474
Main Authors: Mobæk, Ragnhild, Mysterud, Atle, Holand, Øystein, Austrheim, Gunnar
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Understanding diet selection is important since diet determines energy intake and therefore growth of ungulate populations. Yet very few studies have reported annual variation in diet. Density-dependent diet choice by large herbivores has been reported several times, but these studies are typically either short-term or they lack replication of the density treatment. In a landscape-scale experiment with 3 replicates of two densities (25 and 80 individuals/km2) of domestic sheep, we determined diet composition using microhistological analysis during 6 summer grazing seasons (2002–2007) in alpine habitats. We tested how age class, density and temporal variation (within season, annually, and over years) affected summer diet. There was marked evidence of additive effects of these factors on overall diet composition, but interactions were few. The interaction between density and annual variation was an important determinant of the proportion of the main forage component (Avenella flexuosa), but not of the proportions of herbs, Salix spp. and for “other” forage plants. Surprisingly, the density effect on this intermediate quality forage (A. flexuosa) was not consistent among years (both positive, negative and no effects), likely arising due to large variation in the proportion of the other forage plants. We discuss how foraging ecology can supplement the insight from life history theory in explaining variation in vital rates. Erkenntnisse zur Nahrungswahl sind wichtig, da die Nahrung die Energieaufnahme und damit das Wachstum von Ungulatenpopulationen bestimmt. Allerdings haben nur wenige Untersuchungen über die jährliche Variation der Nahrung berichtet. Dichtabhängige Nahrungswahl ist verschiedentlich bei großen Pflanzenfressern beobachtet worden, aber diese Studien waren typischerweise entweder von kurzer Dauer oder unrepliziert. In einem Experiment auf Landschaftsebene mit drei Wiederholungen von zwei Dichten von Hausschafen (25 und 80Ind./km2), bestimmten wir die Nahrungszusammensetzung mit mikrohistologischen Analysen während sechs Sommerweideperioden (2002–2007) in alpinen Lebensräumen. Wir testeten wie Altersklasse, Besatzdichte und die zeitliche Variation (Probenahmetermin, Jahr und Jahresvergleich) die Sommernahrung beeinflussten. Es gab deutliche Belege für additive Effekte dieser Faktoren auf die Nahrungszusammensetzung, aber nur wenige Interaktionen. Die Interaktion zwischen Besatzdichte und jährlicher Variation war ein wichtiger bestimmender Faktor f
ISSN:1439-1791
DOI:10.1016/j.baae.2012.06.009