Ag-diffusion inhibition mechanism in SiO2-added glass-ceramics for 5G antenna applications

Glass-ceramics for low-temperature co-fired-ceramic 5G wireless devices exhibit excellent microwave properties. However, silver diffusion and interdiffusion of the electrode decreases the high-frequency conductivity. In this work, the inhibition of the silver diffusion mechanism in CaO-MgO-SiO2 glas...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ceramics international 2020-10, Vol.46 (15), p.24083-24090
Main Authors: Feng, Kuei-Chih, Chu, Ming-Wei, Ku, Chia-Hao, Chen, Pin-Yi, Tu, Chi-Shun, Chen, Cheng-Sao, Chien, R.R., Iizuka, Yoshiyuki
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
5G patch antenna
Glass-ceramic
LTCC
Microwave dielectric
Silver diffusion
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Summary:Glass-ceramics for low-temperature co-fired-ceramic 5G wireless devices exhibit excellent microwave properties. However, silver diffusion and interdiffusion of the electrode decreases the high-frequency conductivity. In this work, the inhibition of the silver diffusion mechanism in CaO-MgO-SiO2 glass-ceramics was investigated. Specimens without SiO2 were found to exhibit both Ag diffusion and Zn, Mg, and Ca interdiffusion. In contrast, samples with SiO2 show much less diffusion and a Ag6O2 phase at the diffusive boundary layer, indicating that the SiO2 addition inhibits Ag diffusion and interdiffusion. Elemental mapping indicated the presence of a concentration gradient-reaction between the SiO2 particles and the glass-ceramic. This reaction enhances the glass viscosity and inhibits Ag diffusion and interdiffusion. SiO2-added glass-ceramics co-fired with an Ag electrode show improved 5G-patch-antenna microwave characteristics, with an enhanced conductivity at ~8.2 GHz and a return loss of S11 = -23 dB at ~28.3 GHz.
ISSN:0272-8842
1873-3956
DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.06.186