Decolorization and degradation of xenobiotic azo dye Reactive Yellow-84A and textile effluent by Galactomyces geotrichum

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) 2014-08, Vol.109, p.234-238
• Main Authors: Govindwar, Sanjay P., Kurade, Mayur B., Tamboli, Dhawal P., Kabra, Akhil N., Kim, Pil Joo, Waghmode, Tatoba R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Azo Compounds - chemistry; Azo Compounds - metabolism; Azo Compounds - toxicity; Azo reductase; Biodegradation; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biological and medical sciences; Biotechnology; Color; Coloring Agents - chemistry; Coloring Agents - metabolism; Coloring Agents - toxicity; Decolorization; Environment and pollution; Exact sciences and technology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; G. geotrichum MTCC 1360; General purification processes; Geotrichum - metabolism; Germination - drug effects; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects; Laccase; Laccase - metabolism; Miscellaneous; Monophenol Monooxygenase - metabolism; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases - metabolism; Naphthalenesulfonates - chemistry; Naphthalenesulfonates - metabolism; Naphthalenesulfonates - toxicity; Nitroreductases; Plant Roots - drug effects; Plant Roots - growth & development; Pollution; Reactive Yellow-84A; Sargassum - growth & development; Temperature; Textiles; Wastewater - chemistry; Wastewaters; Water treatment and pollution; Xenobiotics - chemistry; Xenobiotics - metabolism; Xenobiotics - toxicity
• ISSN: 0045-6535; 1879-1298
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.02.009

•G. geotrichum efficiently degrade azo dye as well as textile effluent.•Azo reductase was found to be the key enzyme in the degradation process.•Decolorization was improved by addition of waste agricultural residue in media.•HPTLC, FTIR and GCMS analysis were carried out to characterize degraded metabolites. Galactomyces geotrichum MTCC 1360 exhibited 86% decolorization of azo dye Reactive Yellow-84A (50mgL−1) within 30h at 30°C and pH 7.0 under static condition. Examination of azoreductase, laccase and tyrosinase enzyme activities confirmed their prominent role in Reactive Yellow-84A degradation. Considerable reduction of COD (73%) and TOC (62%) during degradation of the dye was indicative of conversion of complex dye into simple products, which were further analyzed by HPLC, FTIR, GC–MS and HPTLC. The degradation products were identified as 4(5-hydroxy, 4-amino cyclopentane) sulfobenzene and 4(5-hydroxy cyclopentane) sulfobenzene by GC–MS. In addition, when G. geotrichum was applied to decolorize textile effluent, it showed 85% of true color removal (ADMI removal) within 72h, along with a significant reduction in TOC and COD. Phytotoxicity studies revealed the less toxic nature of degraded Reactive Yellow-84A as compared to original dye.