Prevalence and measurement of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) among children and adolescents in the U.S.: A scoping review

•Of the 27 studies included, there were 26 instruments used to measure ACEs.•Comparison between studies was challenging due to different methodology approaches.•Many studies lacked explanations for using specific reliability and validity tests.•Standardization in ACE measurement is needed to improve...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Children and youth services review 2023-10, Vol.153, p.107108, Article 107108
Main Authors: Lyons, Kiara, Tibbits, Melissa, Schmid, Kendra K., Ratnapradipa, Kendra L., Watanabe-Galloway, Shinobu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ACE measurement
ACE prevalence
ACEs
Adolescent health
Youth health
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Summary:•Of the 27 studies included, there were 26 instruments used to measure ACEs.•Comparison between studies was challenging due to different methodology approaches.•Many studies lacked explanations for using specific reliability and validity tests.•Standardization in ACE measurement is needed to improve ACE prevalence estimations. The study objectives were to 1) examine what methodological approaches have been used to determine adverse childhood experiences (ACE) prevalence and 2) determine the prevalence of different ACEs. A scoping review was conducted on 2009–2020 articles focused on persons 17 years and younger, highlighting screening and surveillance of ACEs, and evaluating the psychometrics of ACE screening tools. A descriptive analysis categorized results of 27 articles into key methodological themes (i.e., study design, self vs. caregiver reporting, location/setting). Majority of the studies were cross-sectional (81.5%), self-reporting (74.1%) and focused on neglect, bullying/victimization and violence. There were 26 unique instruments used to assess ACEs. The prevalence for ACEs reported in the literature varied widely based on factors such as the type of ACEs examined, instrument, self vs. caregiver reporting, age group, and setting. Synthesis of our findings highlights the need for standardization in ACE measurement as they contribute to variations in ACE prevalence estimations and understanding the overall burden ACEs have on a population. Recommendations for improving ACE measurement among U.S. children and adolescents were provided.
ISSN:0190-7409
1873-7765
DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107108