Testing the structure of the BERRI using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis

• Published in: Children and youth services review 2024-01, Vol.156, p.107353, Article 107353
• Main Authors: Viziteu, Andrei D., da Silva, Luís Costa, Edbrooke-Childs, Julian, Hillman, Saul, Silver, Miriam, Westlake, Meryl, Harju-Seppänen, Jasmine
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Children looked after; Factor analysis; Mental health and psycho-adjustment measure; Residential care; Social care
• ISSN: 0190-7409; 1873-7765
• DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107353

•We explored and validated the optimal structure of the BERRI, a new measure of mental health and psycho-adjustment.•Both an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to assess the 87-item measure’s initial factor structure.•An eight-factor structure (Dysregulation, Vulnerability, Neurodiverse needs, Negative self and emotions, Emotional disconnect, Barriers to connection, Risk to self, and Disrupted routines) emerged.•The set of factors was validated by the CFA suggesting a good fit.•The study provided evidence of the structure validity and internal consistency of the BERRI for Children Looked After (CLA). The wellbeing of Children Looked After (CLA) is a multifaceted construct given their adverse experiences and greater risk of mental health complications. There is a clear need for a comprehensive mental health and psycho-adjustment measure for diagnostic and monitoring purposes within this population. The aim of this study is to test, explore and validate the optimal factor structure of a new mental health and psycho-adjustment measure looking at Behavior, Emotions, Relationship, Risk, and Indicators (BERRI). The data were extracted from an existing large naturalistic sample of CLA for whom the BERRI was used as part of their placement providers’ service provision (N = 1543, 45% female). The surveys were completed by their primary carer reporting the child’s experiences during the previous month. Both an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to assess the 87-item measure’s initial factor structure. For cross-validation purposes, the database was split 60–40 between a ‘train’ and a ‘test’ sub-sample. An eight-factor structure (Dysregulation, Vulnerability, Neurodiverse needs, Negative self and emotions, Emotional disconnect, Barriers to connection, Risk to self, and Disrupted routines) emerged. This was subsequently validated by the CFA suggesting a good fit (CFI = 0.951, SRMR = 0.08, and RMSEA = 0.038) and good internal consistency. Our study supported the structure validity and internal consistency of a mental health and psycho-adjustment measure specifically developed for CLA. Recommendations for further research relating to the tool’s applicability in other populations are proposed.