The gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapeutics: A review of emerging data and implications for future gynecologic cancer research

[Display omitted] •Microbes play role in physiology, metabolism, immunity, disease susceptibility, etc.•Interplay between microbiome, host factors, cancers, response to treatment reviewed.•Gynecologic cancers are influenced by virus infections and hormonal interactions.•Presence of bacterial species...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in oncology/hematology 2021-01, Vol.157, p.103165, Article 103165
Main Authors: McKenzie, Nathalie D., Hong, Hannah, Ahmad, Sarfraz, Holloway, Robert W.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chronic illness
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Genital Neoplasms, Female - therapy
Gut microbiome
Gynecologic cancers
Host factors
Humans
Immunity
Immunotherapy
Lifestyle effects
Microbiota
Oncologic outcomes
Therapeutic response
Tumor Microenvironment
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Microbes play role in physiology, metabolism, immunity, disease susceptibility, etc.•Interplay between microbiome, host factors, cancers, response to treatment reviewed.•Gynecologic cancers are influenced by virus infections and hormonal interactions.•Presence of bacterial species in gut confers therapeutic advantage for malignancies.•Review explores the gut microbiome & its association with gynecologic malignancies. Investigation of the gynecologic tract microbial milieu has revealed potential new biomarkers. Simultaneously, immunotherapeutics are establishing their place in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies. The interplay between the microbiome, the tumor micro-environment and response to therapy is a burgeoning area of interest. There is evidence to support that microbes, through their genetic make-up, gene products, and metabolites affect human physiology, metabolism, immunity, disease susceptibility, response to pharmacotherapy, and the severity of disease-related side effects. Specifically, the richness and diversity of the gut microbiome appears to affect carcinogenesis, response to immunotherapy, and modulate severity of immune-mediated adverse effects. These effects have best been described in other tumor types and these have shown compelling results. This review summarizes the current understanding and scope of the interplay between the human microbiome, host factors, cancer, and response to treatments. These findings support further exploring whether these associations exist for gynecologic malignancies.
ISSN:1040-8428
1879-0461
DOI:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103165