Water reclamation and chemicals recovery from a novel cyanide-free copper plating bath using electrodialysis membrane process

• Published in: Desalination 2018-06, Vol.436, p.114-124
• Main Authors: Scarazzato, T., Panossian, Z., Tenório, J.A.S., Pérez-Herranz, V., Espinosa, D.C.R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chemicals recovery; Copper chelates; Copper coating; Electrodialysis; Ion-exchange membranes; Water reclamation
• ISSN: 0011-9164; 1873-4464
• DOI: 10.1016/j.desal.2018.01.005

•A concentrated solution from a model rinsing water was produced by electrodialysis.•The percent desalination was near 90% and the percent extraction was higher than 80%.•Cleaning procedures partially restored membrane properties after electrodialysis.•The obtained concentrate was reused in the bath without affecting the coating. One of the industrial concerns is to change procedures into sustainable and cleaner processes. In electroplating, researches have been developed to replace toxic materials for safer alternatives. Cyanide salts are toxic compounds used as complexing agents in alkaline baths. This work focused in a cyanide-free copper alkaline bath developed for copper coating onto zinc alloys. Electrodialysis was evaluated to obtain a concentrated solution from a model rinsing water and simultaneously to treat the effluent for further reuse. Membrane properties after electrodialysis were analyzed, before and after cleaning procedures. Deposition tests were performed using electrolytes containing the recycled inputs and the coatings were analyzed. As results, a solution 5 to 6 times more concentrated than the initial one was obtained. The average demineralization was 90% and the percent extraction of ions was higher than 80%. Interactions between the organic acid and the exchange groups may affect membrane properties. Nevertheless, FTIR analyses and the applied cleaning procedures showed that bonds between phosphorus and quaternary amine may be reversible. Both cleaning procedures presented similar performance and partially restored the membrane properties. The concentrate could be added to the copper bath to compensate eventual drag-out losses without affecting the quality of the coatings.