CCS Feasibility Improvement in Industrial and Municipal Applications by Heat Utilisation

• Published in: Energy procedia 2013, Vol.37, p.2611-2621
• Main Authors: Kärki, Janne, Tsupari, Eemeli, Arasto, Antti
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomass; CCS; CHP; Feasibility; GTCC; Steel mill
• ISSN: 1876-6102; 1876-6102
• DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.145

This paper describes implications of applying carbon capture and storage in combined heat and power (CHP) production and in steel industry through three case study approaches conducted in Finland. Utilisation of low temperature process heat from capture plant, air separation unit or CO2 compression in district heating system and/or industrial solutions offers significant potential to increase overall efficiency and feasibility of CCS processes. The effects of CCS on the local CHP systems were included within the studied system boundaries in order to evaluate the economics and emissions from investor's (local energy company) point of view. Effect of CCS on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and operation economics of the CCS cases are compared to the reference system with varying parameters of operation. Regarding the GHG emissions, besides the site emissions, the main effects on global GHG emissions are also taken into account by using system modeling and streamlined LCA. In the case studies the whole CCS chain, including CO2 capture, processing, transport and storage, was included. Carbon capture processes were modeled using Aspen Plus and Prosim process modeling software and the results were used in CCS plant economics toolkit (CC-Skynet™) to estimate CO2 emission reduction possibilities and carbon abatement costs. Studied case studies included three main applications which were studied in different operational situations. The properties of reference plants and CHP systems are based on the real operational CHP units and steel mill in Finland. The first presented application is retrofit of about 1000 MWfuel CHP plant with post combustion capture technology. Natural gas fired GTCC plant is part of relatively large district heating network including also other CHP units in the same network. The plant is situated on the coastal area of Southern Finland and it emits approximately 1.3 Mtn CO2/year. The second application is a greenfield about 500 MWfuel CHP plant situated on the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia and emitting approximately 1.5 Mtn CO2/year. The plant is based on a modern CFB-boiler which is equipped with oxy- fuel technology in the CCS case. The studied fuel-shares with and without CCS consisted of pure biomass, pure peat and biomass-peat co-firing. In the study it is assumed that the economic incentive for negative CO2 emission is included in EU ETS for Bio-CCS. The plant is connected to the existing district heating network where older CHP plant alrea