Numerical simulation and analysis of heat transfer and melting rate of nano-enhanced PCM composite embedded in a concentrator photovoltaic system

• Published in: Journal of energy storage 2023-12, Vol.73, p.109247, Article 109247
• Main Authors: Chibani, Atef, Merouani, Slimane, Laidoudi, Houssem, Dehane, Aissa, Bendada, Larbi, Lamiri, Leila, Mecheri, Ghania, Bougriou, Cherif, Gherraf, Noureddine
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Electrical efficiency; Melting evolution; Nano-PCM; Phase change materials (PCM); Photovoltaic (PV)
• ISSN: 2352-152X; 2352-1538
• DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.109247

The primary objective of this research is to explore the impact of nanoparticles-infused PCM (phase change material) in the context of nano-PCM-PV technology (PV: photovoltaic panel). Computational investigations were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of RT25HC, a paraffin wax PCM, in conjunction with various nanoparticles (MgO, TiO2, ZnO and CuO) in solar panel cooling. The study also considers the influence of PV module inclination angles (β: 0 to 90°). High-resolution numerical simulations using the ANSYS-Fluent CFD platform were employed. The findings highlight the intricate relationship between nanoparticle addition, melting kinetics, electrical efficiency and PCM enthalpy. Specifically, the melting rate of RT25HC PCM exhibits notable differences between horizontal (β = 0°) and inclined panels (β ≠ 0°), with a melting fraction of 12 % at t = 2 h for β = 0° compared to 40–44 % for β ≠ 0°. Nanoparticles maintain a higher electrical efficiency (11.6 %) for horizontal panels, whereas inclined panels (β ≠ 0°) experience declining electrical efficiency (7.5 % at t = 8 h). For β = 0°, the PCM system effectively maintains the surface panel's temperature constant at 44 °C for a long time (up to 8 h). However, when nano-PCM systems are introduced, this temperature stabilizes at a slightly lower value of 40 °C, representing a 4 °C reduction attributed to the presence of nanoparticles. Conversely, for β ≠ 0, the surface panel's temperature stabilizes at 44 °C for up to t = 2 h, then experiences a sharp increase, ultimately reaching 120 °C at t = 8 h, regardless of the type or absence of nanomaterials. Overall, the most effective application of nano-PCM for cooling the PV panel was predicted at a horizontal orientation of the panel, regardless of the nanomaterial type. •The effect of solid nanoparticles on the melting velocity of PCM was analyzed.•The performance of the solar panel has been investigated in terms of the thermal properties of nanoparticles.•The variation of the dynamic behavior of PCM with the inclination angle of the solar panel is determined.•The temporal variation of the electrical efficiency of the solar panel has been evaluated.•The overall improvement of the cooling system and the electrical efficiency of the solar panel were studied.