Evaluation and kinetic study of alkaline ionic liquid for biodiesel production through transesterification of sunflower oil

• Published in: Fuel (Guildford) 2022-09, Vol.324, p.124586, Article 124586
• Main Authors: Lima, Ana Carolina, Hachemane, Khadidja, Ribeiro, António E., Queiroz, Ana, Gomes, Maria Carolina Sérgi, Brito, Paulo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biodiesel production; Choline Hydroxide; Ionic liquids; Transesterification
• ISSN: 0016-2361; 1873-7153
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124586

[Display omitted] •A kinetic modeling study of sunflower oil was performed using choline hydroxide.•Nearly 95% ester yield content was achieved within 30 min of reaction.•A first-order model was the best fit with an activation energy of 13.64 kJ/mol.•The catalyst recovery from glycerol phase was performed by butanol/water extraction.•The recovery revealed a distribution of choline hydroxide through both phases. Biodiesel production is performed in the industry by alkaline transesterification of oils with a low amount of free fatty acids. In order to reduce the disposal of conventional catalysts used industrially, ionic liquids (ILs) have been studied to be applied as catalysts in transesterification since they can be recovered and reused in subsequent reaction cycles. In this work, the ionic liquid choline hydroxide (ChOH) was successfully applied as a catalyst for the transesterification reaction of triacylglycerols present in sunflower oil with methanol. A kinetic modeling study under the specific conditions of 2 wt% catalyst dosage, 1:10 oil/methanol molar ratio, for 0–120 min at 35–65 ℃ was conducted, and liquid–liquid extraction with water/butanol was evaluated as a process to recover the IL. A 95.0% ester yield content was achieved in this work for a short reaction time (30 min). Furthermore, the results of the kinetic study demonstrated that a first-order model was the best fit for the reaction with a rate constant (k) estimated as 0.1182 min−1 and activation energy (Ea) of 13.64 kJ/mol. For the tested conditions, the complete recovery of the IL using liquid–liquid extraction did not occur since it is noted the presence of ChOH in both phases.