The effective thermal conductivity of ballistic–diffusive heat conduction in nanostructures with internal heat source

• Published in: International journal of heat and mass transfer 2016-01, Vol.92, p.995-1003
• Main Authors: Hua, Yu-Chao, Cao, Bing-Yang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Ballistic–diffusive heat conduction; Effective thermal conductivity; Internal heat source; Monte Carlo simulation; Nanostructure; Phonon Boltzmann transport equation
• ISSN: 0017-9310; 1879-2189
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.09.068

•The thermal conductivity of nanostructures with internal heat source was studied.•The thermal conductivity with internal heat source is lower than that with temperature difference.•The models for thermal conductivity and temperature distribution of cross-plane nanofilms were derived.•For in-plane nanofilms and nanowires, the models are in the form of keff/kbulk=1/(1+αKn) with α obtained by best fitting with MC simulations.•The temperature distribution was characterized by the diffusive equation with effective thermal conductivity. In nanostructures whose characteristic lengths are comparable to the phonon mean free path, the ballistic–diffusive heat conduction leads to the size effect, geometry dependence and anisotropy of the effective thermal conductivity. In the present work, we have studied the effective thermal conductivity of the ballistic–diffusive heat conduction in nanostructures (including nanofilms and nanowires) with internal heat source using Monte Carlo simulation and Boltzmann transport equation. It is found that the effective thermal conductivity of nanostructures with internal heat source is significantly lower than that with temperature difference, though it still increases with the increasing characteristic length. The models for the effective thermal conductivity and the temperature distribution of the cross-plane heat conduction in the nanofilms with internal heat source are directly derived from the phonon Boltzmann transport equation, and the comparisons with the Monte Carlo simulations well confirm their validities. As for the effective thermal conductivity of the in-plane nanofilms and nanowires with internal heat source, referring to the Matthiessen’s rule, the models are in the form of keff/kbulk=1/(1+αKn), with the parameter α obtained by the best fitting with the Monte Carlo simulations. Moreover, the diffusive heat conduction equation with the effective thermal conductivity can well characterize the temperature distributions in the in-plane nanofilms and long nanowires, while it fails in the short nanowires due to the influence of the axial constraints.