Nuclear hydrogen structure and dimensions

• Published in: International journal of hydrogen energy 2019-04, Vol.44 (21), p.10833-10837
• Main Authors: Petrescu, Florian Ion T., Petrescu, Relly Victoria V.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Dimensions; Elementary particle; Nuclear energy; Structure
• ISSN: 0360-3199; 1879-3487
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.140

Hydrogen is the number 1 element in the Mendeleev table, which is practically the smallest known element. From an energy point of view, hydrogen is of particular importance, being the key element for obtaining renewable and sustainable energy, either in the form of nuclear fusion energy or as a supportive element of nuclear fission energy by enriching its fuel or by burning it in thermal burners, or thermal or external combustion engines. Hydrogen, together with oxygen and with nitrogen and phosphorus are the four vital elements, which together make up the ATP energy molecule that donates the energy of living matter at the cellular scale. That is why we considered it necessary to study several structural aspects of nuclear hydrogen in the presented paper. The dimensions and shape of the existing hydrogen nuclei will be analyzed for the purpose of their description as accurately as possible, given that the dimensions of a particular type of hydrogen nucleus are not constant, varying dynamically depending on the linear displacement speed of the nucleus. The paper examines only the three isotopic forms of nuclear hydrogen, known as relatively stable, the first completely stable and the next two relatively stable. From the fourth isotopic form up, the stability is almost inexistent, the life of such an isotope being ephemeral, which is why we did not consider it necessary to study these ephemeral forms of existence of hydrogen isotopes equal to or greater than four. The immediate applications of the theory presented are the obtaining of fusion energy, industrial. •Dimensions and shape of the existing hydrogen nuclei.•Dimensions of a particular type of hydrogen nucleus are not constant, varying dynamically depending on the linear displacement speed of the nucleus.•Paper examines only the three isotopic forms of nuclear hydrogen, known as relatively stable.•Immediate applications of the theory presented are the obtaining of fusion energy, industrial.