On the pathways. Inter-nodal archaeology in the Atacama desert Pampa (c. 7000 BP-400 BP)

• Published in: Journal of anthropological archaeology 2023-09, Vol.71, p.101526, Article 101526
• Main Authors: Pimentel G., Gonzalo, Ugarte F., Mariana, Blanco, José F., Montero-Poblete, Claudia, Gili, Juan, Arévalo, Javier, Gallardo, Francisco, Torres, Christina M., Pestle, William J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Atacama Desert; Internodal Archaeology; Meshwork; Mobility; Pathways
• ISSN: 0278-4165; 1090-2686
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2023.101526

•Pre-Hispanic pathways meshwork of the Atacama Desert.•Internodal spaces with a diversity of practices and travelers revealing a variety of mobility strategies and dynamics.•Pre-Hispanic social imaginaries through ceremonial sites, rock art and geoglyphs.•Knowing the people who travelled and their connections through isotopes and burial offerings.•Direct evidence of transit from the Archaic Period (c. 7000 BP) until the end of Late or Inka Period (c. 450 BP).•Sites in Ancachi and Calate show a greater concentration of evidence for the entire sequence. We present a synthesis of our investigation into pre-Hispanic pathways of the Atacama Desert Pampa -one of the driest and harshest environments on our planet- where we have identified a variety of mobility strategies and dynamics deployed by the different communities that inhabited both the Pacific coast and the inland oases of this region. Specifically, we focus on the inter-nodal archaeological and biogeochemical data that provides direct evidence of the presence of individuals from myriad regions traversing this area from the Middle Archaic to Late periods (c. 7000 BP-400 BP). Moreover, we analyze how, beginning in the Formative Period, this multiplicity of peoples employed different mobility systems, circulation, relationships, and social exchanges to integrate this apparent “empty space”. In doing so, we discuss and reformulate the classic highland caravanning model of the Andes, which considered highland caravanning groups as the only agents promoting long-distance mobility and exchange.