Manure for millet: Grain δ15N values as indicators of prehistoric cropping intensity of Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica

Broomcorn and foxtail millet are the only major domesticated plants indigenous to prehistoric Eurasia to rely on the C4photosynthetic pathway. Here we study the impact of animal manure (AM) on broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), grown in the Askov Long-Term Exp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of archaeological science 2022-03, Vol.139, p.105554, Article 105554
Main Authors: Christensen, Bent T., Jensen, Johannes L., Dong, Yu, Bogaard, Amy
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal manure
animal manures
archaeology
Broomcorn millet
Crop yields
Eurasia
Foxtail millet
long term experiments
millets
Panicum miliaceum
phosphorus
potassium
Setaria
Setaria italica
soil
Sorghum bicolor
δ15N offset
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Summary:Broomcorn and foxtail millet are the only major domesticated plants indigenous to prehistoric Eurasia to rely on the C4photosynthetic pathway. Here we study the impact of animal manure (AM) on broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), grown in the Askov Long-Term Experiment, using unmanured soil and soil dressed with phosphorus plus potassium (PK) as reference treatments. Animal manure had a marked effect on yields and on the δ15N values of grains. For broomcorn millets grown on manured soil, the average δ15N value was 5.8‰. When grown on unmanured and PK-treated soils, the δ15N values were 0.4‰ and 0.2‰, respectively. For foxtail millet the δ15N values also differed between grains from unmanured (-1.0‰), PK (0.7‰) and manured (6.3‰) treatments. Thus, when compared to unmanured soil, the offset due to manure was 7.3‰ for Setaria and 5.3‰ for the two Panicum varieties. In accordance with previous studies on C3 crops, our study suggests that δ15N values in charred millet grains recovered from archaeological sites could provide a robust indicator of prehistoric manuring intensity. •Field experiments reveal manuring effects on broomcorn and foxtail millet.•Manuring substantially boosts millet yields.•Manuring substantially increases millet stable nitrogen isotope values.•Stable nitrogen isotope values of archaeological millet reflect past manuring.
ISSN:0305-4403
1095-9238
DOI:10.1016/j.jas.2022.105554