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Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Cholangiocarcinoma: Update of Evidence and the Effects of Antidiabetic Medication

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for cancer in many organs and associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The molecular linkage between these diseases has been demonstrated in preclinical studies, which have highlighted the role of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in the...

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Published in:Canadian journal of diabetes 2021-04, Vol.45 (3), p.282-290
Main Authors: Saengboonmee, Charupong, Seubwai, Wunchana, Lert-itthiporn, Worachart, Sanlung, Thanachai, Wongkham, Sopit
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for cancer in many organs and associated with an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The molecular linkage between these diseases has been demonstrated in preclinical studies, which have highlighted the role of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in the carcinogenesis and progression of CCA. Recent studies on the emerging role of antidiabetic medication in the development and progression of CCA showed a subclass of antidiabetic drug with a therapeutic effect on CCA. Although associations between CCA, insulin analogues and sulfonylureas are unclear, incretin-based therapy is likely associated with an increased risk for CCA, and may lead to CCA progression, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In contrast, biguanides, especially metformin, exert an opposite effect, associated with a reduced risk of CCA and inhibited in vitro and in vivo CCA progression. The association between incretin-based therapy and the risk of CCA needs further clarification, as metformin is being studied in an ongoing clinical trial. Understanding the association between DM and CCA is critical for preventing the development of CCA in patients with DM, and for establishing the appropriateness of antidiabetic medication to treat CCA. Determining how metformin affects CCA can lead to repurposing this safe and well-known drug for improving CCA treatment, regardless of the diabetes status of patients. Le diabète sucré (DS) qui est un facteur de risque de cancer de nombreux organes est associé à une augmentation du risque de cholangiocarcinome (CC). Les études précliniques qui ont démontré le lien moléculaire entre ces maladies ont fait ressortir le rôle de l’hyperinsulinémie et de l’hyperglycémie dans la carcinogenèse et la progression du CC. De récentes études sur le rôle émergent des médicaments antidiabétiques dans l’apparition et la progression du CC ont montré une sous-classe de médicaments antidiabétiques ayant un effet thérapeutique sur le CC. Bien qu’on ignore les associations entre le CC, les analogues de l’insuline et les sulfonylurées, les expériences in vitro et in vivo ont démontré que le traitement à base d’incrétine est vraisemblablement associé à une augmentation du risque de CC et qu’il peut entraîner la progression du CC. À l’opposé, les biguanides, notamment la metformine, exercent un effet inverse, à savoir qu’ils sont associés à une diminution du risque de CC et qu’ils inhibent in vitro et in vivo la progres
ISSN:1499-2671
2352-3840
DOI:10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.09.008