Photocatalytic and electrochemical investigation of Mn and Sn co-doped ZnO nanoparticles: Effect of doping concentration

• Published in: Journal of crystal growth 2024-10, Vol.644, p.127821, Article 127821
• Main Authors: Bruno Chandrasekar, L., Rafi Ahamed, S., Shankar, N, Karunakaran, M., Rengaraju, Perumalraja, Shunmuga Sundaram, P., Jung Sung, Lee
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bond angle; Cango red; Halder-Wagner; Precipitation; Quenching; Specific charge
• ISSN: 0022-0248
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2024.127821

•The dopants enhance the band gap of the prepared nanoparticles.•The quenching is observed in the photoluminescence spectrum due to the dopants.•The dielectric properties and electric modulus depend on doping concentrations.•The degradation of the CR and MB dyes is reported.•The specific charge is analyzed using CV study and GCD technique. The chemical precipitation method is employed to prepare the Mn and Sn co-doped ZnO nanoparticles with various doping concentrations. Debye Scherrer’s formula, Williamson-Hall equation and Halder-Wagner methods are used to calculate the crystallite size of the prepared nanoparticles. The addition of dopants enhances the periodicity of the atoms. The bond lengths, second nearest neighbor distances and bond angles are examined. The purity of the samples is confirmed using energy dispersive X-ray analysis technique. The process of doping reduces the maximum optical absorption. The dopants reduce the band gap of the prepared nanoparticles and the band gap ranges from 3.07 eV to 3.03 eV. The charge carrier concentrations are calculated from the optical band gap. The Hall coefficient of the prepared nanoparticles increases due to the addition of the dopants. The refractive index of the material is also examined. The quenching is observed in the photoluminescence spectrum due to the dopants. The dielectric properties and electric modulus depend on doping concentrations of Mn and Sn. The degradation of the Congo red and methylene blue dyes with prepared nanoparticles as catalysis is reported. The specific charge of the Mn and Sn co-doped ZnO-based electrode is analyzed using cyclic voltammetric study and galvanostatic charge–discharge technique.