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Insights on sulfamethoxazole bio-transformation by environmental Proteobacteria isolates
[Display omitted] •Fresh-water Proteobacteria can transform up to 81% of SMX via co-metabolism.•SMX was stoichiometrically transformed into N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole.•For Pseudomonas mandelii, SMX transformation rate and extent rely on the cell load.•Maximal SMX transformation rates achieved at the...
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Published in: | Journal of hazardous materials 2018-09, Vol.358, p.310-318 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | [Display omitted]
•Fresh-water Proteobacteria can transform up to 81% of SMX via co-metabolism.•SMX was stoichiometrically transformed into N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole.•For Pseudomonas mandelii, SMX transformation rate and extent rely on the cell load.•Maximal SMX transformation rates achieved at the declining of the growth phase.•The presence of nat gene suggests involvement of an arylamine N-acetyltransferase.
Although sulfonamide residues are frequently reported as freshwaters contaminants, information on the ability of native bacteria to modify these synthetic antibiotics is scarce. Our purpose was to investigate the potential of bacteria from different aquatic environments to cleave or transform sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and infer on their ability to reduce the toxicity of this antibiotic.
From a collection of about 100 Proteobacteria, 47 strains previously isolated from drinking water, surface water, and wastewater grew in the presence of 200 μMSMX, and were further studied. Out of these, 14 strains, mostly from mineral drinking water, transformed SMX into equimolar amounts of the lesser toxic derivative N4-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole. The highest percentage of SMX transformation was recorded for two strains affiliated to Pseudomonas mandelii. For P. mandelii McBPA4 higher SMX transformation rate and extent were observed in fed-batch (∼8 μMSMX/h, 81%) than in batch conditions (∼5 μMSMX/h, 25%), but similar specific transformation rates were found in both cultivation modes (∼20 μmolSMX/gcell dry weight/h), indicating the dependence of the process on the microbial load. These results evidence that the capacity to transform synthetic antibiotics may be common among bacteria and highlight the potential of environmental bacteria in attenuating the potential adverse effects of pollution with sulfonamides. |
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ISSN: | 0304-3894 1873-3336 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.012 |