The safety and efficacy of the long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor laninamivir octanoate hydrate for Inhalation Suspension Set in children under the age of 5 in a post-marketing surveillance

• Published in: Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy 2021-10, Vol.27 (10), p.1436-1446
• Main Authors: Nakano, Takashi, Yamaguchi, Hiroki, Chiba, Toshihiro, Shiosakai, Kazuhito, Chikada, Shuichi, Matsuoka, Yomei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Administration, Inhalation; Antiviral Agents - adverse effects; Child, Preschool; Children; Efficacy; Guanidines - therapeutic use; Humans; Influenza, Human - drug therapy; Laninamivir; Neuraminidase; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Pyrans - therapeutic use; Safety; Sialic Acids - therapeutic use; Zanamivir - adverse effects
• ISSN: 1341-321X; 1437-7780
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.06.004

We conducted a post-marketing surveillance of laninamivir octanoate hydrate for Inhalation Suspension Set in patients under the age of 5 infected with the influenza virus to evaluate safety and efficacy of the drug. Subjects enrolled by the centralized enrollment system were administered laninamivir once using a nebulizer based on the package insert. Safety was evaluated in 1104 patients. The incidence of ADRs was 1.00% (11/1104). Compared to the incidence of ADRs of 2.04% (9/441) in the clinical trials for development, no increase in the frequency of ADRs was noted. Serious ADRs were noted in 3 patients (5 cases): 2 cases of convulsive attack, each 1 case of muscular weakness, a depressed level of consciousness, and pain in extremities. Excluding 2 patients with unknown outcomes, all of the patients recovered or their symptoms were alleviated. To detect risk factors for the occurrence of ADRs, 16 attributes were examined, and none of them were found to be significant. Efficacy was evaluated in 881 patients. The median time (95% CI) to fever resolution was 37.0 (33.0–39.0) h in type A virus (785 patients), 45.0 (34.0–56.0) h in type B virus (95 patients), and 22.0 h (1 patient) in the mixed type. This was similar to the time to fever resolution in the clinical trials. The results of this surveillance verified that there are no noticeable problems with the safety or efficacy of laninamivir for children under the age of 5 infected with the influenza A and B viruses.