Porous silicon covalently-grafted with chloro-styrenic carbons for fast Li+ diffusion and durable lithium-storage capability

• Published in: Journal of power sources 2023-01, Vol.554, p.232326, Article 232326
• Main Authors: Tran, Minh Xuan, Nguyen, Thuy-An, Lee, Joong Kee, Lee, Sang-Wha
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Covalent linkage; Lithium-ion battery; Poly(4-chlorostyrene); Porous silicon; Thermolytic grafting
• ISSN: 0378-7753; 1873-2755
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232326

Silicon-based anode materials have critical issues such as drastic volume changes, huge stress generation, and the thickening of solid‒electrolyte interphase layer. Thus, a new strategy for improving silicon interface is necessary for significantly enhanced Li+ ion transportation and structural stability during prolonged cycling, while simultaneously reducing severe side reactions. Herein, we prepared porous silicon particles covalently linked with styrene-based polymers (polystyrene (PS) and poly(4-chlorostyrene) (PCS)) via a facile non-atmospheric thermolytic process at a low-temperature (≤400 °C), in which the decomposed styrenic carbon fragments are covalently grafted on the silicon surface via Si–O–C and Si–C species. Notably, PCS-grafted porous silicon exhibited the significantly enhanced electrochemical performance (i.e., a high rate capability of 1270 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1, 90.7% of initial capacity at 4 A g−1, and a reversible capacity of 1725 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles), because of the dual covalent linkages of Si–C and Si–O–C species in chloro-styrenic carbons that provide durable lithium storage capability and fast Li+ transportation. Specifically, the Si–C linkage enforced the formation of a durable interlayer that protects the Si active material from reactive electrolytes, and the polarized Si–O–C linkage facilitates the rapid transport of Li+ ions. [Display omitted] •Poly(4-chlorostyrene) (PCS) covalently grafted porous silicon as anode material.•Si–O–C/Si–C linkages bestowed polarized capacitance and strong mechanical strength.•PCS matrices provide lithium reservoirs and hopping sites for fast Li + ion transport.•High rate capability of 1270 mAh g−1@20 A g−1 and 90.7% recovery at 4 A g−1.