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Post-herpes neurotrophic keratopathy: Aetiopathogenesis, clinical signs and current therapies
Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative corneal disease caused by damage of trigeminal innervation. This leads to epithelial defects, ulceration and, eventually, perforation. Both herpes simplex and varicella zoster keratitis are reported to be the main causes of NK. Furthermore, prognosis i...
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Published in: | Archivos de la Sociedad Española de Oftalmología (English ed.) 2019-04, Vol.94 (4), p.171-183 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative corneal disease caused by damage of trigeminal innervation. This leads to epithelial defects, ulceration and, eventually, perforation. Both herpes simplex and varicella zoster keratitis are reported to be the main causes of NK. Furthermore, prognosis in this type of NK is poor. Classic clinical findings in post-herpes NK are spontaneous epithelial breakdown, round and central epithelial defects with smooth edges, stromal melting and thinning, scarring, and neovascularisation. Although several medical and surgical treatments have been reported, no therapies are currently available to definitely restore corneal sensitivity. Therefore, NK remains a challenging disease to treat. In this review a summary is presented of the pathogenesis, manifestations, and current management of post-herpes NK. The role of antiviral treatment and varicella-zoster vaccination is also discussed. A description is also presented on both medical and surgical novel therapies, such as regenerative drugs and corneal neurotization.
La queratopatía neurotrófica (QN) es una enfermedad corneal degenerativa causada por un daño en la inervación del nervio trigémino. Esta situación produce defectos epiteliales, ulceración y, eventualmente, perforación. Tanto la queratitis por herpes simple como por varicela zoster constituyen la principal causa de QN. Además, el pronóstico en este tipo de QN es pobre. Los hallazgos clínicos clásicos en la QN postherpética incluyen la rotura epitelial espontánea, defectos epiteliales ovalados y centrales de bordes suaves, queratolisis con adelgazamiento del estroma, cicatrización y neovascularización. Aunque se han descrito tratamientos médicos y quirúrgicos prometedores, actualmente no hay un tratamiento definitivo para restaurar la sensibilidad de la córnea. Por tanto, la QN sigue siendo un reto terapéutico. En esta revisión resumimos la patogenia, la clínica y el tratamiento actual de la QN postherpética. Se discute el papel del tratamiento antiviral y de las vacunas contra el virus de la varicela-zoster. Se describen nuevas terapias médicas y quirúrgicas, como los agentes regenerativos y la neurotización corneal. |
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ISSN: | 2173-5794 2173-5794 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.oftale.2019.01.004 |