Clinical risk factors predicting genital fungal infections with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor treatment: The ABCD nationwide dapagliflozin audit

• Published in: Primary care diabetes 2018-02, Vol.12 (1), p.45-50
• Main Authors: Thong, Ken Yan, Yadagiri, Mahender, Barnes, Dennis Joseph, Morris, David Stuart, Chowdhury, Tahseen Ahmad, Chuah, Ling Ling, Robinson, Anthony Michael, Bain, Stephen Charles, Adamson, Karen Ann, Ryder, Robert Elford John
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Benzhydryl Compounds - adverse effects; Chi-Square Distribution; Dapagliflozin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Female; Genital Diseases, Female - chemically induced; Genital Diseases, Female - diagnosis; Genital Diseases, Female - epidemiology; Genital Diseases, Female - microbiology; Genital Diseases, Male - chemically induced; Genital Diseases, Male - diagnosis; Genital Diseases, Male - epidemiology; Genital Diseases, Male - microbiology; Genital fungal infection; Genital mycotic infection; Glucosides - adverse effects; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - adverse effects; Logistic Models; Male; Medical Audit; Middle Aged; Mycoses - chemically induced; Mycoses - diagnosis; Mycoses - epidemiology; Mycoses - microbiology; Odds Ratio; Recurrence; Risk Factors; SGLT2 inhibitor; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 - metabolism; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; Thrush; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; United Kingdom - epidemiology
• ISSN: 1751-9918; 1878-0210
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2017.06.004

•Dapaglilfozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, increases the risk of genital fungal infections.•Women are at much greater risk of developing genital infections with dapagliflozin.•Patients with prior genital fungal infection are also at greater risk.•Higher baseline HbA1c or BMI did not increase treatment-related genital infections.•Rates of dapagliflozin discontinuation due to genital infections were low. Treatment of type 2 diabetes with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may result in genital fungal infections. We investigated possible risk factors for developing such infections among patients treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin. The Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) collected data on patients treated with dapagliflozin in routine clinical practice from 59 diabetes centres. We assessed possible associations of patient’s age, diabetes duration, body mass index, glycated haemoglobin, renal function, patient sex, ethnicity and prior genital fungal infection, urinary tract infection, urinary incontinence or nocturia, with the occurrence of ≥1 genital fungal infection within 26 weeks of treatment. 1049 out of 1116 patients (476 women, 573 men) were analysed. Baseline characteristics were, mean±SD, age 56.7±10.2years, BMI 35.5±6.9kg/m2 and HbA1c 9.4±1.5%. Only patient sex (13.2% women vs 3.3% men) and prior history of genital fungal infection (21.6% vs 7.3%) were found to be associated with occurrence of genital fungal infections after dapagliflozin treatment, adjusted OR 4.22 [95%CI 2.48,7.19], P