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Invasive scedosporiosis in lung transplant recipients: A nine-year retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital

Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans (Sc/Lp) are emerging molds that cause invasive disease associated with a high mortality rate. After Aspergillus, these molds are the second filamentous fungi recovered in lung transplant (LT) recipients. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence, r...

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Published in:Revista iberoamericana de micología 2021-10, Vol.38 (4), p.184-187
Main Authors: Ibáñez-Martínez, Elisa, Solé, Amparo, Cañada-Martínez, Antonio, Muñoz-Núñez, Carlos F., Pastor, Amparo, Montull, Beatriz, Falomir-Salcedo, Patricia, Valentín, Amparo, López-Hontangas, José Luis, Pemán, Javier
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Language:English
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Summary:Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans (Sc/Lp) are emerging molds that cause invasive disease associated with a high mortality rate. After Aspergillus, these molds are the second filamentous fungi recovered in lung transplant (LT) recipients. Our objective was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and outcome of Sc/Lp infections in LT recipients at a tertiary care hospital with a national reference LT program. A nine-year retrospective study was conducted. During this period, 395 LT were performed. Positive cultures for Sc/Lp were obtained from twenty-one LT recipients. Twelve patients (incidence 3.04%) developed invasive scedosporiosis (IS). In 66.7% of the patients with IS the invasive infection was defined as a breakthrough one. The main sites of infection were lungs and paranasal sinuses. Most of the patients received combination antifungal therapy. The IS crude mortality rate after 30 days was 16.7%, and 33.3% after a year. Our study highlights improved survival rates associated with combination antifungal therapy in LT recipients and underlines the risk of breakthrough infections in patients with allograft dysfunction on nebulized lipidic amphotericin B prophylaxis. In addition to pretransplant colonization, acute or chronic organ dysfunctions seem to be the main risk factors for IS. Las especies de Scedosporium y Lomentospora prolificans (Sc/Lp) son mohos emergentes que causan infecciones invasivas con una alta tasa de mortalidad. Después de Aspergillus, estos hongos filamentosos son los más frecuentemente aislados en pacientes receptores de trasplante de pulmón (TP). Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la incidencia, los factores de riesgo y la evolución de la infección por Sc/Lp en receptores de TP en un hospital terciario de referencia nacional para TP. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de nueve años. Durante este período se realizaron 395 TP. Veintiún receptores de TP tuvieron cultivos positivos para Sc/Lp, y doce de ellos desarrollaron escedosporiasis invasiva (SI) (incidencia del 3,04%). Se observaron infecciones de brecha en el 66,7% de los pacientes con SI. Los principales focos de infección fueron el pulmón y los senos paranasales. La mayoría de los pacientes recibieron terapia antifúngica combinada. La tasa de mortalidad bruta de la SI a los 30 días fue del 16,7%, ascendiendo al 33,3% al cabo de un año. Nuestro estudio destaca la mejora de la tasa de supervivencia asociada a la terapia antifúngica combinada en TP y subraya el riesg
ISSN:1130-1406
DOI:10.1016/j.riam.2021.06.002