5th generation district heating and cooling systems: A review of existing cases in Europe

This article investigates 40 thermal networks in operation in Europe that are able to cover both the heating and cooling demands of buildings by means of distributed heat pumps installed at the customer substations. The technology of thermal networks that work at a temperature close to the ground, c...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Renewable & sustainable energy reviews 2019-04, Vol.104, p.504-522
Main Authors: Buffa, Simone, Cozzini, Marco, D’Antoni, Matteo, Baratieri, Marco, Fedrizzi, Roberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cold district heating
District heating and cooling
Heat pump
Smart energy systems
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