Surveys on the reliability impacts of power system cyber–physical layers

• Published in: Sustainable cities and society 2020-11, Vol.62, p.102384, Article 102384
• Main Authors: Jimada-Ojuolape, Bilkisu, Teh, Jiashen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cyber–physical systems; Distributed energy resources; ICT; Information and communication technology; Intelligent infrastructure; Modern power systems; Power system reliability; Smart grid; Smart grid reliability
• ISSN: 2210-6707; 2210-6715
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102384

•Reviews several smart grid technologies and applications including distributed energy resources, active distribution networks, smart cities, demand side management, microgrids, dynamic thermal rating systems, system protection schemes, and discusses the impact of their deployment on cyber–physical system reliability.•Discusses various reliability evaluation methods, testbeds and indices in power systems to offer an improved understanding of the case studies presented.•Presents notable case studies that address the reliability impacts of ICT implementation by using smart grid technologies whilst focusing on the cyber network and infrastructures.•Some challenges of ICT integrations on smart grid reliability including cyber physical dependency based failures, environmental and cybersecurity challenges are also discussed.•Some notable observations and recommendations are highlighted to enrich the existing knowledge base and to provide researchers and system operators with relevant insights for future research and quantitative and qualitative information to aid future planning of power systems respectively. Information and communication technology (ICT) is a vital addition to modern society living and is a crucial feature of the smart grid. It boosts the power system with the advantage of using intelligent infrastructure to aid monitoring, protection, bidirectional communication, supply safety, security and self-healing characteristics. ICT infrastructures are integrated into the power network by using technologies, such as active distribution networks, smart cities and societies, dynamic line ratings, special protection schemes and demand-side management programmes. Deployment of these technologies has beneficial impacts on the reliability of power systems. However, these infrastructures are naturally prone to failures and cybersecurity issues because of Internet of things standards, which can further jeopardise system reliability. Various studies have examined the effect of these technologies on the reliability of power systems whilst ignoring that the associated ICTs could be unavailable. Thus, this work comprehensively reviews studies that go beyond component-based reliability assessment and accounts for the impact of ICT integrations on system-wide reliability whilst explicitly considering the effects of malfunctions of the cyber system. Moreover, the paper presents quantitative and qualitative information about the impact of ICT deployed with various sma