A comparative techno-economic assessment of bidirectional heavy duty and light duty plug-in electric vehicles operation: A case study

• Published in: Sustainable cities and society 2023-08, Vol.95, p.104582, Article 104582
• Main Authors: Yusuf, Jubair, Hasan, A S M Jahid, Garrido, Jacqueline, Ula, Sadrul, Barth, Matthew J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cost benefit; G2V; Heavy duty PEV; Light duty PEV; MIP; Payback period; Peak shaving; V2G
• ISSN: 2210-6707; 2210-6715
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2023.104582

•Charging infrastructure sharing concept is introduced for electric vehicles (EV).•A methodology is proposed to assess the optimal cost and savings for EV deployment.•The best combination of heavy duty and light duty EV deployment is recommended.•Heavy duty EV is more economical with fixed travel schedules to save energy cost.•Net metering reduces the payback time. The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) all around the world offers both challenges and opportunities to build a sustainable city and transportation system. Bidirectional charging capabilities at workplace charging facilities (e.g., as part of a microgrid) have made the overall economic optimization more attractive on one hand, but also more complex on the other hand. This paper investigates the cost optimization problem for bidirectional charging at a workplace microgrid connected to two different buildings to determine the optimal framework for a combination of both heavy-duty and light-duty electric vehicles (HDEV and LDEV). A deep learning-based model has been developed to forecast the 15-minute solar generation and building power consumption. Real-time travel profile data has been used to represent the temporal uncertainty of electric vehicle charging. The cost optimization problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) model which also addresses battery life degradation. Furthermore, a comprehensive economic analysis has been carried out to analyze the payback period, peak reduction, and cost savings for two different buildings at the same workplace with both on-board and off-board charger configurations. It has been found that HDEV is a better cost-effective solution in comparison to LDEV in terms of energy cost reduction and payback periods. Net metering capability leads to higher energy savings and peak reductions in most cases.